Franchise business and none-franchise business Essay - 2

Establishment business and none-establishment business - Essay Example Square Real Estate Brokerage firm met acquires its materials and supplies solely from the franchisor. One of the company’s overseeing executives met affirmed that because of the hole made by the regularly developing interest for houses in the urban zones added to the advancement of the organization work in land. Since various individuals have various preferences for terms of houses inside which they might want to live, consumer loyalty is ensured by giving data on a wide range of houses to empower brisk dynamic. The working populace framed most of urban occupants who required quality lodging offices and this was the levelheaded for beginning Block land financier firm (Cross and Miller 56). What began as Block Consultancy in land in the end transformed into an undeniable firm. The speedy pace of improvements was ascribed to the vision and destinations set by the parent association. At first the association just relied upon a solitary individual to oversee gatherings with clients, convincing them to acknowledge their lodging business administrations. With the regularly expanding populace the interest for lodging offices additionally expanded prompting an expanded client base. This brought about additional development of its business tasks joining mechanical headways like the web, telephones and fax machines so as to viably deal with the business. The firm’s structure and size expanded so as to satisfy the new needs. The advantages of an establishment sort of business are that; (1) it requires less money to start than different organizations as it permits the organization to develop capital contributed by the individual establishment; (2) It likewise permits numerous units to be opened simultaneously which are upheld by the parent association as far as notices and other limited time exercises; (3) such a business has a more prominent market as a result of the accessibility of the accessibility of the

Camera Essays

Camera Essays Camera Essay Camera Essay In these innovative occasions, it isn't so hard to track down an answer: shut circuit TV (CATV) cameras. Till even a couple of months prior, this was a costly suggestion. NO more. Buy is simple, you can pay them Off the rack or even on the web. Worldwide organizations, for example, Alba, Axis and Busch offer great expert choices, and now there are household brands, for example, Zoom and Godard also. How would you approach the procedure? Here are some simple tips: LOCATION You might need to cover each conceivable square inch of your home, however recollect, only one out of every odd area actually NEEDS a camera. What's more, there are private paces you ought to maintain a strategic distance from! A camera entryway telephone for your front entryway, and a couple inside for, state, your childs play territory are adequate. For the first, Alba rumen is a model. For the last mentioned, a system camera from IT organizations, for example, Idling, Fascia or Axis might be your answer. Address a specialist to introduce this camera. FIXED OR MOVING When you have focused in on the zones, the following central issue is, what sort of camera do you need? Comprehensively there are two kinds of cameras: fixed, and skillet, tilt and zoom (OPT). There are sub-classes too. Fixed cameras can just face one bearing the one in which it is set up. On the off chance that you need to alter course, it implies having a go at it with certain apparatuses. On the off chance that you need to change the area through and through, that implies bringing in the expert. Pick cameras accompany a mechanized base, which can be customized to clear a territory. This it does by turning left and right on the other hand, similar to a table fan. It can likewise be remotely controlled to look some place explicit and afterward zoom in. Fixed cameras are a decent choice for indoor use when you need to screen explicit segments. Select cameras are useful for places like your structures carport, where you need to put only one camera however need a more extensive inclusion. WIRED OR WIRELESS? For essential checking, remote cameras function admirably, yet narrows are taking a gander at a security answer for a whole structure, wired might be the better other option. Most remote CATV cameras take a shot at the 2. GHz Wife recurrence, however since this band is getting blocked, we suggest you pick a camera that chips away at a GHz recurrence. On the wired front, you get TTY. 0 kinds of cameras, the inheritance simple sort that takes a co-pivotal link (a similar link that is utilized to associate your satellite dish to your set top box) or an ether net link. Ethernet-based cameras are marginally more costly than co-pivotal home, yet you can control and access them legitimately utilizing your tidied. Additionally, Ethernet cabling is simpler introduced.

Doctor Who

Doctor Who Doctor Russ. Lieutenant Colonel Russ Lachance, a grad student Ive been helping out with research for the past two semesters, today just became, uh Doctor Lieutenant Colonel Russ Lachance. I guess thats what he is now. Its hard when someone accumulates more titles than you know what do with. I just hope he doesnt complicate things any further by becoming, like, Vice President Doctor Lieutenant Colonel Russ Lachance. This is Russ, after about 30 miles of biking: As you can see, Russs relentlessly positive attitude towards everything in life no doubt helped him earn his PhD in Chemical Engineering from MIT. It also might have helped that he intimidated the professors on his thesis committee by showing up to his thesis defense in full uniform: Doesnt Professor Tester (my UROP advisor) look just a little nervous? In a I better give this guy a PhD because he could kill me with his bare hands kind of way? Maybe you had to be there. Russ may have also increased his chances of getting a PhD by offering a gift to his committee beforehandwhile most of the time, donuts and coffee would be served at a 10 AM thesis defense meeting, Russ had the idea of bringing in some MREs, 5000-calorie self-heating army rations just add water: Here, Chad, Scott, Gwen, Heather, Andy, and Rocco try to figure out how to prepare their chicken tetrazziniI think they might have ended up splitting it 6 ways for lunch. Below, you can see exactly what our soldiers actually get to eat out in the desertincluding breathmints, a moist towelette, and an adorable miniature bottle of tabasco sauce. In all honesty, Im sure that Russ was awarded his PhD not because of intimidation or bribery, but rather because hes one of the most versatile and brilliant grad students Ive ever worked with. Not only is his knowledge of chemical engineering nearly boundless, hes interested in and provides suggestions for everybodys research, he has a knack for explaining things in simple, lucid terms, and hes developed an almost supernatural sense of where every single piece of equipment in our lab is located. Looking for a thesis from seven years ago? 3/8 NPT-Swagelok fitting? Hacksaw? Russ will always know where to find it. Everyones getting a bit worried that all research in the lab might just stop in the next few months without Russ finding and building everything for us. Were thinking of installing some sort of video conferencing system. I can hardly believe how much about engineering Ive learned from Russ in just the past nine months. And of course, since Russ is a natural teacher, its unsurprising that hell be heading to his alma mater West Point next year, as a professor, to design and lead their brand new Chemical Engineering departmentjust one of the many things theyll let you do with an MIT degree. Heres me with Russ and fellow UROP Steph 07 immediately after getting the good news. Of course, Russ ended up thanking about 7 undergrads during his presentation (his platoon of UROPs), but we were the only two in town over the summer. Steph landed an internship with the Boston Harbor Project this summer, where she gets to work from home one day a week and sit in her cozy, airconditioned apartment that at Westgate, which shes subletting from a grad student over the summer not a bad gig, especially when you have thesis defenses to go to. And then, of course, when you get your PhD, there has to be a party. Professor Tester invited the whole group up to his energy-efficient house in Hingham (about a 25 minute drive, but grad students have cars). Here, Russ demonstrated another one of his myriad talents: croquet. Of course, when you have young people at the party like Russs four kidsChelsea, Austin, Hannah, and Zach (left to right above), you need something to keep them busy. Now, as Hannah is demonstrating above by swinging her hard wooden mallet in a circle, croquet is a vicious, dangerous game. Luckily, somebody had the foresight to bring bubble wands. Glorious bubbles! I guess Adi, 26, and Brian, 27, like bubbles too. Dont judge too harshlyif a kid you knew walked by with a bottle of bubble stuff, blowing happily through his wand into the summer sky, do you really think you could resist asking him for a hit? I tell you, this bubble-blowing business is addictive. Of course, the real smash hit of the party was the present that Steph and I made for Russ. Here we are giving it to him: And here he is admiring it or maybe just staring at it in confusion: What is it, exactly? Well, duh, its a double chocolate gooey butter cake decorated to look like the gold-plated batch reactor that Russ had prepared last year. Go figuresome people gold-plate their baby booties, others their batch cells. Actually, Russ had a hunch that gold, being fairly inert, might prevent degradation of the reactor walls under the supercritical conditions (greater than 374 C, 221 bar) and harsh catalysts with which he was trying to affect the water-gas shift reaction (CH4 + H20 = 3H2 + CO). Conceptually, the cake was a smash hit, but practically, not much got eatenI think it may have had something to do with the tub of golden icing we slathered on top after dumping the entire box of powdered sugar into the recipe. Quite a good cake, though, if youre not planning to eat anything for the rest of the day. Thanks to Varsha 07 for introducing me to the wonderful Midwestern world of gooey butter cakes. Russ was a little less excited to see the picture on the card we bought him: It was Stephs idea! Still, he took it in good stride, and even presented the group with the few gifts, including a bottle of 18.6 megaohm-cm purified water, a hammer, a roll of duct tape, and, best of all, a necklace of magic beads bearing the inscription REACTORS ARE MY FRIEND * I [HEART] REACTORS designed to bring good luck to Jasons unpredictable plug flow reactor. Jason already has four strands of Mardi Gras beads and a soup spoon tied to his reactor for good luck. And he says that he gets worried that the reactor might break when he accidentally bumps into the spoon. This is how we do science at MIT, folks. Well, everybody in the Tester group, young and old, seemed to enjoy this most special of occasions. And, yeah, it looks like Adi might have gotten a little carried away with the bubbles there. If you happen to Google yourself and stumble upon this website, Russ, thanks for everything, and I hope I didnt get your childrens names wrong. Congratulations on finally getting your PhD, and best of luck in your new career at West Point. The cadets are very fortunate to have a teacher like you. And I guess I have to close with an emphatic HOOAH!

Overview of the Poem Beowulf

Below is a summary of all the events that transpire in the Old English epic poem, Beowulf. Beowulf is considered the oldest surviving  poem in the English language.   A Kingdom in Peril The story begins in Denmark with King Hrothgar, the descendant of the great Scyld Sheafson and a successful ruler in his own right. To display his prosperity and generosity, Hrothgar built a magnificent hall called Heorot. There his warriors, the Scyldings, gathered to drink mead, receive treasures from the king after a battle, and listen to scops sing songs of brave deeds. But lurking nearby was a hideous and brutal monster named Grendel. One night when the warriors were sleeping, sated from their feast, Grendel attacked, butchering 30 men and wreaking devastation in the hall. Hrothgar and his Scyldings were overwhelmed with sorrow and dismay, but they could do nothing; for the next night Grendel returned to kill again. The Scyldings tried to stand up to Grendel, but none of their weapons harmed him. They sought the help of their pagan gods, but no help was forthcoming. Night after night Grendel attacked Heorot and the warriors who defended it, slaying many brave men, until the Scyldings ceased fighting and simply abandoned the hall each sunset. Grendel then began attacking the lands around Heorot, terrorizing the Danes for the next 12 years. A Hero Comes to Heorot Many tales were told, and songs are sung of the horror that had overtaken Hrothgars kingdom, and word spread as far as the kingdom of the Geats (southwest Sweden). There one of King Hygelacs retainers, Beowulf, heard the story of Hrothgars dilemma. Hrothgar had once done a favor for Beowulfs father, Ecgtheow, and so, perhaps feeling indebted, and certainly inspired by the challenge of overcoming Grendel, Beowulf determined to travel to Denmark and fight the monster. Beowulf was dear to Hygelac and the elder Geats, and they were loath to see him go, yet they did not hinder him in his endeavor. The young man assembled a band of 14 worthy warriors to accompany him to Denmark, and they set sail. Arriving at Heorot, they petitioned to see Hrothgar, and once inside the hall, Beowulf made an earnest speech requesting the honor of facing Grendel, and promising to fight the fiend without weapons or shield. Hrothgar welcomed Beowulf and his comrades and honored him with a feast. Amidst the drinking and camaraderie, a jealous Scylding named Unferth taunted Beowulf, accusing him of losing a swimming race to his childhood friend Breca, and sneering that he had no chance against Grendel. Beowulf boldly responded with the gripping tale of how he not only won the race but slew many horrible sea-beasts in the process. The Geats confident response reassured the Scyldings. Then Hrothgars queen, Wealhtheow, made an appearance, and Beowulf vowed to her that hed slay Grendel or die trying. For the first time in years, Hrothgar and his retainers had cause to hope, and a festive atmosphere settled over Heorot. Then, after an evening of feasting and drinking, the king and his fellow Danes bid Beowulf and his companions good luck and departed. The heroic Geat and his brave comrades settled down for the night in the beleaguered mead-hall. Though every last Geat followed Beowulf willingly into this adventure, none of them truly believed they would see home again. Grendel When all but one of the warriors had fallen asleep, Grendel approached Heorot. The door to the hall swung open at his touch, but rage boiled up within him, and he tore it apart and bounded inside. Before anyone could move, he grabbed one of the sleeping Geats, rent him into pieces and devoured him, slurping his blood. Next, he turned to Beowulf, raising a claw to attack. But Beowulf was ready. He sprang up from his bench and caught Grendel in a fearsome grip, the like of which the monster had never known. Try as he might, Grendel could not loosen Beowulfs hold; he backed away, growing afraid. In the meantime, the other warriors in the hall attacked the fiend with their swords; but this had no effect. They couldnt have known that Grendel was invulnerable to any weapon forged by man. It was Beowulfs strength that overcame the creature; and though he struggled with everything he had to escape, causing the very timbers of Heorot to shudder, Grendel could not break free from the grip of Beowulf. As the monster weakened and the hero stood firm, the fight, at last, came to a horrific end when Beowulf ripped Grendels entire arm and shoulder from his body. The fiend fled, bleeding, to die in his lair in the swamp, and the victorious Geats hailed Beowulfs greatness. Celebrations With the sunrise came joyous Scyldings and clan chiefs from near and far. Hrothgars minstrel arrived and wove Beowulfs name and deeds into songs old and new. He told a tale of a dragon slayer and compared Beowulf to other great heroes of ages past. Some time was spent considering the wisdom of a leader placing himself in danger instead of sending younger warriors to do his bidding. The king arrived in all his majesty and made a speech thanking God and praising Beowulf. He announced his adoption of the hero as his son, and Wealhtheow added her approval, while Beowulf sat between her boys as if he were their brother. In the face of Beowulfs grisly trophy, Unferth had nothing to say. Hrothgar ordered that Heorot be refurbished, and everyone threw themselves into repairing and brightening the great hall. A magnificent feast followed, with more stories and poems, more drinking and good fellowship. The king and queen bestowed great gifts on all the Geats, but especially on the man who had saved them from Grendel, who received among his prizes a magnificent golden torque. As the day drew to a close, Beowulf was led off to separate quarters in honor of his heroic status. Scyldings bedded down in the great hall, as they had in the days before Grendel, now with their Geat comrades among them. But although the beast that had terrorized them for more than a decade was dead, another danger lurked in the darkness. A New Threat Grendels mother, enraged and seeking revenge, struck while the warriors slept. Her attack was barely any less terrible than those of her son had been. She grabbed Aeschere, Hrothgars most valued advisor, and, crushing his body in a deadly grip, she raced away into the night, snatching the trophy of her sons arm before she escaped. The attack had happened so quickly and unexpectedly that both the Scyldings and the Geats were at a loss. It soon became clear that this monster had to be stopped, and that Beowulf was the man to stop her. Hrothgar himself led a party of men in pursuit of the fiend, whose trail was marked by her movements and Aescheres blood. Soon the trackers came to the ghastly swamp, where dangerous creatures swam in a filthy viscous fluid, and where Aescheres head lay on the banks to further shock and appall all who beheld it. Beowulf armed himself for an underwater battle, donning finely-woven mail armor and a princely golden helm that had never failed to thwart any blade. Unferth, no longer jealous, lent him a battle-tested sword of great antiquity called Hrunting. After requesting that Hrothgar take care of his companions should he fail to defeat the monster, and naming Unferth as his heir, Beowulf plunged into the revolting lake. Grendels Mother It took hours for Beowulf to reach the lair of the fiends. He survived many attacks from awful swamp creatures, thanks to his armor and his swift swimming skill. At last, as he neared the monsters hiding place, she sensed Beowulfs presence and dragged him inside. In the firelight the hero beheld the hellish creature, and wasting no time, he drew Hrunting and dealt her a thunderous blow to her head. But the worthy blade, never before bested in battle, failed to harm Grendels mother. Beowulf tossed the weapon aside and attacked her with his bare hands, throwing her to the ground. But Grendels mother was swift and resilient; she rose to her feet and gripped him in a horrible embrace. The hero was shaken; he stumbled and fell, and the fiend pounced upon him, drew a knife and stabbed down. But Beowulfs armor deflected the blade. He struggled to his feet to face the monster again. And then something caught his eye in the murky cave: a gigantic sword that few men could wield. Beowulf seized the weapon in a rage, swung it fiercely in a wide arc, and hacked deep into the monsters neck, severing her head and toppling her to the ground. With the death of the creature, an uncanny light brightened the cave, and Beowulf could take stock of his surroundings. He saw Grendels corpse and, still raging from his battle; he hacked off its head. Then, as the toxic blood of the monsters melted the blade of the awesome sword, he noticed piles of treasure; but Beowulf took none of it, bringing back only the hilt of the great weapon and Grendels head as he began his swim back. A Triumphant Return So long had it taken for Beowulf to swim to the monsters lair and defeat her that the Scyldings had given up hope and gone back to Heorot—but the Geats stayed on. Beowulf hauled his gory prize through water that was clearer and no longer infested with horrible creatures. When he finally swam to shore, his cohorts greeted him with unrestrained joy. They escorted him back to Heorot; it took four men to carry Grendels severed head. As might be expected, Beowulf was hailed once more as a great hero upon his return to the splendid mead-hall. The young Geat presented the ancient sword-hilt to Hrothgar, who was moved to make a serious speech exhorting Beowulf to be mindful of how fragile life could be, as the king himself knew all too well. More festivities followed before the great Geat could take to his bed. Now the danger was truly gone, and Beowulf could sleep easy. Geatland The next day the Geats made ready to return home. More gifts were bestowed upon them by their grateful hosts, and speeches were made full of praise and warm feelings. Beowulf pledged to serve Hrothgar in any way he might need him in the future, and Hrothgar proclaimed that Beowulf was fit to be king of the Geats. The warriors sailed off, their ship filled with treasure, their hearts full of admiration for the Scylding king. Back in Geatland, King Hygelac greeted Beowulf with relief and bid him to tell him and his court everything of his adventures. This the hero did, in detail. He then presented Hygelac with all the treasures Hrothgar and the Danes had bestowed upon him. Hygelac made a speech recognizing how much greater a man Beowulf had proven himself to be than any of the elders had realized, though they had always loved him well. The King of the Geats bestowed a precious sword on the hero and gave him tracts of land to govern. The golden torque Beowulf had presented him would be around Hygelacs neck the day he died. A Dragon Awakes Fifty years went by. The deaths of Hygelac and his only son and heir meant that the crown of Geatland passed to Beowulf. The hero ruled wisely and well over a prosperous land. Then a great peril awoke. A fleeing slave, seeking refuge from a hard master, stumbled upon a hidden passageway that led to the lair of a dragon. Sneaking quietly through the sleeping beasts treasure hoard, the slave snatched a single jewel-encrusted cup before escaping in terror. He returned to his lord and proffered his find, hoping to be reinstated. The master agreed, little knowing what price the kingdom would pay for his slaves transgression. When the dragon woke up, it knew instantly it had been robbed, and it vented its fury on the land. Scorching crops and livestock, devastating homes, the dragon raged across Geatland. Even the kings mighty stronghold was burnt to a cinder. The King Prepares to Fight Beowulf wanted revenge, but he also knew he had to stop the beast to ensure the safety of his kingdom. He refused to raise an army but prepared for battle himself. He ordered a special iron shield to be made, tall and able to withstand the flames, and took up his ancient sword, Naegling. Then he gathered eleven warriors to accompany him to the lair of the dragon. Upon discovering the identity of the thief whod snatched the cup, Beowulf pressed him into service as a guide to the hidden passageway. Once there, he charged his companions to wait and watch. This was to be his battle and his alone. The old hero-king had a foreboding of his death, but he pressed onward, courageous as always, to the dragons lair. Over the years, Beowulf had won many a battle through strength, through skill, and through perseverance. He was still possessed of all these qualities, and yet, victory was to elude him. The iron shield gave way too soon, and Naegling failed to pierce the dragons scales, though the power of the blow he dealt the creature caused it to spew flame in rage and pain. But the unkindest cut of all was the desertion of all but one of his thanes. The Last Loyal Warrior Seeing that Beowulf had failed to overcome the dragon, ten of the warriors who had pledged their loyalty, who had received gifts of weapons and armor, treasure, and land from their king, broke ranks and ran to safety. Only Wiglaf, Beowulfs young kinsman, stood his ground. After chastising his cowardly companions, he ran to his lord, armed with shield and sword, and joined in the desperate battle that would be Beowulfs last. Wiglaf spoke words of honor and encouragement to the king just before the dragon attacked fiercely again, flaming the warriors and charring the younger mans shield until it was useless. Inspired by his kinsman and by thoughts of glory, Beowulf put all his considerable strength behind his next blow; Naegling met the dragons skull, and the blade snapped. The hero had never had much use for edged weapons, his strength so overpowering that he could easily damage them; and this happened now, at the worst possible time. The dragon attacked once more, this time sinking its teeth into Beowulfs neck. The heros body was soaked red with his blood. Now Wiglaf came to his aid, running his sword into the dragons belly, weakening the creature. With one last, great effort, the king drew a knife and drove it deep into the dragons side, dealing it a death blow. The Death of Beowulf Beowulf knew he was dying. He told Wiglaf to go into the dead beasts lair and bring back some of the treasure. The young man returned with heaps of gold and jewels and a brilliant gold banner. The king looked at the riches and told the young man that it was a good thing to have this treasure for the kingdom. He then made Wiglaf his heir, giving him his golden torque, his armor, and helm. The great hero died by the gruesome corpse of the dragon. A huge barrow was built on the headland of the coast, and when the ashes from Beowulfs pyre had cooled, the remains were housed inside it. Mourners bewailed the loss of the great king, whose virtues and deeds were extolled that none might ever forget him.

Cemetery Symbolism Clasped Hands and Pointing Fingers

Seen as an important symbol of life, hands and fingers carved into gravestones represent the deceaseds relationships with other human beings and with God. Cemetery hands tend to be found most commonly on Victorian tombstones of the 1800s to mid-1900s, and are typically portrayed in one of four ways: blessing, clasping, pointing or praying. Finger Pointing Up or Down A hand with the index finger pointing up symbolizes the hope of heaven, while a hand with the index finger pointing down represents God reaching down for the soul. The finger pointing down does not indicate damnation; instead, it most commonly represents an untimely, sudden, or unexpected death.   A hand with a finger pointing at a book typically represents the Bible.   Hands Holding Something Hands holding a chain with a broken link symbolizes the death of a family member or, sometimes, the bonds of marriage, broken by death. The hand of God plucking a link of the chain represents God bringing a soul unto himself. Hands holding an open book (usually a representation of the Bible) symbolize the embodiment of faith. Hands holding a heart  are symbolic of charity and are most typically seen on headstones of members of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.). Handshake or Clasped Hands The  handshake  or representation of clasped hands dates back to the Victorian era and represents a farewell to earthly existence and Gods welcome into heaven. It may also indicate a relationship between the deceased and the loved ones they left behind. If the sleeves of the two hands are masculine and feminine, the handshake, or clasped hands, may symbolize holy matrimony, or the eternal unity of a husband or wife. Sometimes the hand on top or the arm positioned slightly higher than the other indicates the person who passed away first, and is now guiding their loved one into the next life. Alternatively, it may indicate God or someone else reaching down to guide them up to Heaven. Clasped hands can also sometimes represent lodge fellowship and are often seen on  Masonic and I.O.O.F. headstones. Hand Holding an Ax A hand holding an ax means sudden death or a life cut short. Cloud With a Hand Emerging This represents God reaching down to the deceased. Fingers Parted in a V or Hands with Touching Thumbs Two hands, with middle and ring fingers parted to form a V (often with the thumbs touching), are the symbol of a Jewish priestly blessing, from Kohen or Cohen, or the plural form Kohanim or Cohanim  (Hebrew for priest). Kohanim are direct male descendants of Aaron, the first Kohen, and brother of Moses. Some Jewish surnames often associated with this symbol include Cahn/Kahn, Cohn/Kohn and Cohen/Kohen, although this symbol may also be found on gravestones of people with other surnames. Leonard Nimoy modeled the Live Long and Prosper hand gesture of his Star Trek character, Spock after this symbol.

Ac555 Week 7 You Decide Free Essays

Week 7 You Decide Course Project Keller Graduate School of Management Question 1 The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) would only have influence over Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. if they are a publicly listed company or if they register to become a publicly traded company. The SEC assists investors by providing reliable information to investors so they can make informed investment decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Ac555 Week 7 You Decide or any similar topic only for you Order Now If Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. ecomes a public company, they would need to provide financial statements along with an opinion about the financial statements by an independent public accountant along with the registration statement and subsequent financial reports (Arens, Elder, and Beasley, 2010). Question 2 There are four things involved in the initial planning of an audit. According to Arens, Elder, and Beasley, 2010, they are: 1. â€Å"The auditor decided whether to accept a new client or continue serving an existing one, 2. The auditor identifies why the client wants or needs an audit, 3. To avoid misunderstandings, the auditor obtains an understanding with the client about the terms of the engagement, and 4. The auditor develops an overall strategy for the audit, including engagement staffing and any required audit specialists. † In relation to Smackey, Keller CPA’s need to make the decision as to whether or not they want to take Smackey on as a new client. Once that decision has been made, Keller needs to understand why Smackey wants or needs the audit. Smackey needs the audit in order for the bank to grant a new loan for expansion. Keller will now need to meet with Smackey’s managers to discuss and document what services they are going to be providing. Once that is determined, Keller will need to plan the audit strategy and determine if they are going to need to hire additional staff or any specialty staffing. Since they have no experience auditing a dog food company, Keller may need to bring in an auditor who has experience in this type of manufacturer. Question 3 According to Ayers, et al, 2010 the four phases of the audit are â€Å"plan and design an audit approach, perform tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions, perform analytical procedures and tests of details of balances, and complete the audit and issue an audit report. † In the plan and design stage of the audit, the auditor needs to understand the business and its environment, understand internal controls and asses control risks and risk of material misstatement (Ayers, et al, 2010). The second stage of the audit is where the test of controls and substantive tests of transactions are completed. In the third stage, analytical procedures and tests of details of balances are accomplished. In the fourth and final stage, the audit has been completed and the auditor comes to an overall conclusion and issues the audit report (Ayers, et al, 2010). In the first phase of the audit, Keller is going to have to gain an understanding of Smackey. They can do this by researching dog food manufacturing businesses and the industry as a whole. If necessary, they can hire an auditor who has experience in the industry to assist with the audit. One of the internal controls Keller needs to look at is the adequate separation of duties. In the warehouse, one person monitors production and shipment of their regular line of dog foods and is also responsible for preparing and approving all inventory records. Another control that needs to be examined is independent checks on performance. Since the sales manager is afraid to fly and can’t really drive, there is nobody checking on the performance of the sales people. With no monitoring of the sales people and their commission being paid in advance based on projections, close monitoring of sales should be accomplished. In performing a test of controls, the physical control over assets and records will need to be done. How the waste and returned dog food is being handled should be reviewed. Seeing the employees taking bags of dog food that have been thrown away is a red flag for fraud by the employees. Examining documents related to the inventory will need to be done as all inventory records are prepared and approved by one person with little inventory left in the warehouse but a lot of returns left on the shipping dock. This can lead to an understatement of inventory, understatement of sales returns, and overstatement of accounts receivable which is the proposed collateral for the new loan. Analytical procedures should be applied to the determination of commission that is being paid to Smackey salespeople. The commissions on the average are off by 11 percent showing that they may not be reasonable. The auditors also need to perform the analytical procedures for inventory to determine if the inventory is being misstated. This would be a concern due to the amount of waste and returns. The test of details of balances will need to be done on the accounts receivables to determine if they are properly stated. Question 4 Keller needs to discuss the weaknesses in Smackey’s internal controls with Sarah as the president and manager of operations. The internal control issues that need to be pointed out are the lack of separation of duties in the inventory production and records, the improper classification of accounts receivables, and improper checks on performance of the sales personnel. As soon as Keller became aware of the significant deficiencies in the internal controls of Smackey, they are required to notify in writing to the governing bodies of Smackey. A management letter should also be written giving suggestions for ways to make improvements in the internal controls (Arens, et al, 2010). Question 5 There are several types of confirmation Keller can use to verify Smackey’s accounts receivables. They are positive confirmation which is some type of communication sent to the account holder requesting they directly confirm whether the balance on the request is correct or incorrect (Arens, et al, 2010). There are two types of positive confirmation, a blank confirmation form where the recipient is asked to fill in the balance of the account or an invoice confirmation which is where an individual invoice is confirmed instead of the entire account. There is also a negative confirmation where the recipient is only requested to respond if the balance is incorrect (Arens, et al, 2010). Due to the fact that Smackey’s accounts receivable is a large part of the assets and they aren’t writing off any bad debt, Keller should use the blank confirmation form to determine if the balances of the accounts are correct. Question 6 The major factors that affect the sample size for confirming accounts receivable are the weakness in internal controls within the sales department, and the improper statement of accounts receivable. With no control over the sales department, there is a higher risk of fraud by collusion between the salespeople and the companies that owe money to Smackey. With almost 20 percent of the receivables classified as 90 days or older, there is a higher risk of accounts receivable being overstated by uncollectable accounts leading to a possible material misstatement in the financial statements. Question 7 The concern about the possibility of legal encumbrances on verifying the ending balance in property, plant, and equipment comes from the lawsuit filed by the employee who was fired for not owning a dog. In order to determine the likelihood of the employee winning the suit, Keller will need to send a confirmation request to the lawyer handling the lawsuit for Smackey. The request will need to ask what is the probability of the ex employee winning the lawsuit. If there is a high probability, then the confirmation needs to include the possible amount of the award against Smackey. Question 8 With controls over inventory being deficient, Keller will be present at the year-end inventory. The auditors will physically observe the counting of the inventory that is in the warehouse and on the shipping dock. The auditor will also observe to ensure the waste isn’t included in the physical inventory count. If the sales returns aren’t able to be resold, then the auditor needs to ensure they aren’t counted in the inventory. The observation is necessary to ensure the inventory isn’t overstated with what has been wasted or understated by not counting the sales returns that can be resold. Question 9 Inventory control weaknesses that exist in the inventory and warehousing cycle include controls over the physical count of inventory and pricing and compilation controls. Smackey should have documents that show the reporting f the inventory that is waste and the sales returns. There should also be a review of the inventory documentation but with Kim being busy with the Best Boy Gourmet line, she hasn’t been focusing on the regular product line. There should be documentation to show the sales returns being returned to inventory and there should be confirmation of th e inventory documentation by Kim. Henry shouldn’t prepare and approve the documentation one of those functions should be done by someone else. Question 10 Pete is breaking Rule 301 Confidential Client Information by discussing some of the details of the audit with Alan over beer. Rule 301 states, â€Å"A member in public practice shall not disclose any confidential client information without the specific consent of the client (Arens, et al, 2010). † Smackey didn’t give Pete consent to discuss the audit with his friend who also happens to be working for the bank Smackey is trying to get the loan from. Because Pete isn’t aware of Alan’s relationship with the bank, he isn’t violating Rule 101 – Independence. If none of the auditors obtain adequate understanding of the industry or business, they will be in violation of Rule 201 – General Standards, A. Professional Competence. Question 11 If Keller makes an intentional mistake, they can be held liable to Smackey or to the bank. If the intentional mistake results in Smackey not receiving the loan, they could sue Keller for negligence. The type of mistake would determine the degree of negligence. In an unintentional mistake, Keller could still be liable but could possibly defend themselves based on nonnegligent performance. Legal liability concerns regarding the Professional Rule violations are if the auditor doesn’t maintain independence, follow the requirements for technical standards, and doesn’t maintain confidentiality. How to cite Ac555 Week 7 You Decide, Papers

Alnwick Castle Essay Example For Students

Alnwick Castle Essay Nottingham tells Marion of Robins death when she says that he is the only one to save the land. He shows her Robins medallion. The following day in the forest, people search for Robin Ben Guest 10L but the great hero is feared dead. At that moment the special effects show robins shadow being projected onto a smoke screen. This is really good effects but can be emotional for some people. Will Scarlet is jealous of Robin as he also loves Marion. He offers to betray him. We later find out that he is the reason why Robins last words to his father were negative as Will is Robins half brother. Whilst the villagers burry the dead, Robin says his pride brought them to this, Azeem replies, No, you gave pride to these people. Later in the scene, Little John attacks will Scarlet. It is at this moment that Will reveals his true identity and his relationship to Robin. Robin organises the attack on the Castle. There are not enough men to fight. Fanny agrees to fill a space. This shows equal rights for women in this film. Again this would not have been true of the 12th Century. Friar Tuck takes beer in the castle whilst Azeem pretends to have leprosy. Robin covers himself in dung to make him smell like a poor person. At this point the drums play. This adds to the tension of the moment. The Sheriff of Nottingham takes Marion to the Chapel. Marion can sense that Robin is alive so she cries for help. She spits in the Sheriffs face. This is a great insult to the Sheriff. Whilst the Sheriff is getting married, he gets undressed. He tries to rape her at the alter as he wants to make children that would have Royal blood in them. Robin enters the room in the nick of time. The Sheriff says Do you mind, this provides more comedy in this film as it isnt something that you would say. Robin then starts fighting. The fight is ironic as the Sheriff fights with Robins fathers sword. Robin passes all the gold to the bishop. The Bishop is accused of steeling it in the first place. Robin then pushes him through the window where the weight of the gold drags him to Earth and kills him. Nottingham pins Robin in a corner with his sword. As Ben Guest 10L Nottingham raises his arms in order to kill Robin, Robin stabs Nottingham in the heart. This is a very dramatic scene . At that moment, Mortianna runs toward Robin. Azeem kills her fulfilling his vow to the Christian. After all the hype and drama of the previous scene, the final scene show leaves falling from the sky. We see Robin and Marion marry. As they do so, King Richard (Sean Connery) arrives in the Forest. Doves are then released as the start of the theme song begins. The song is Everything I do, I do it for You by Brian Adams. Kevin Reynolds, the director, created the era that the film was set, this being the 12th Century. He dressed the actors and actresses in Lincoln Green. This material was hard wearing and cheap. It also provided camouflage for anyone hiding in the woods. The director filmed scenes in locations that would make the viewer feel that it was the 12th Century. Locations included Aysgarth Falls (Yorkshire), Hardrow Falls (Yorkshire), Alnwick Castle, Hulne Park (Northumberland) and Carcassone (France). The music that was chosen for this film also gave the impression that it was the 12th Century but pop music has been included I this film (Everything I Do, I do it for you, (Bryan Adams)) The actors in this film performed very well in my opinion. Despite the American, Kevin Costner playing a traditionally English part, I do not think that this spoils the film. .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f , .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .postImageUrl , .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f , .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f:hover , .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f:visited , .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f:active { border:0!important; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f:active , .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue063e79d553eec5d8be4c091de747d2f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Greece The story of Medea EssayI feel he played well despite criticism from some critics. I think that Alan Rickman who plays the Sheriff of Nottingham was one of the best personalities in the entire film. He played an evil and wicked enemy for Robin Hood but yet was at times light hearted. Michael McShene who played Friar Tuck, allowed the audience to enjoy the film as he played a character who was regularly drunk. The actors in this film are believable. There were some key incidents in the film. When the little girl approached Azeem and asked, Did God paint you? Did God paint me? For certain, Ben Guest 10L Why? Because Allah loves wondrous varieties. This small speech shows how religious people were in the 12th Century and how misunderstanding white people were of black people. Another key moment in the film is when Fanny (Soo Druet) is in Labour. Azeem is the only person prepared to deliver the baby. Although Friar Tuck warns against him to do it because he is black, Fanny overrules him and allows him to deliver the baby safely. This shows that although some are still weary of Azeem, others have warmed to him and treat him as an equal.

Personality theory

Many people use the term ‘personality’ to identify the characteristics of an individual or the kind of skills a person has. Psychologists who study human personality tend to use idiographic or homothetic techniques in trying to explain the aspects of human behavior. â€Å"Personality theories organize what of which we already know, stimulate new research and give theorists an opportunity to specify a view in personality† (Engler, 2008)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Personality theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Trait theory Trait theory is the primary personality theory that is biologically based on classical human genetics. Such utterances as being outgoing, kind, hot tempered are some of the words used to describe individual. All this words can be concluded to being the personal traits of an individual. Most of time we use an individual characteristic to explain their behavior. Theo rist who studied this theory focused on the difference in character portrayed by different individuals. The Idea behind this theory is that, how an individual behaves, is dictated by the joint effects of the organisms inherited capabilities and past experience. It centers on the capability of recognizing and measuring a person’s personality. One of the early theorists to study this theory was Gordon Allport in 1937. He began his research after noting that there were almost over 4000 words which could be used to describe character trait of a person from a single dictionary. His approach was based on the differentiating the different types of traits within a person (Richard, 2007). According to him, the central human traits were dictating the personality of individual e.g personality expressions while the secondary human traits were more peripheral and did not manifest immediately. He also thought that the most common traits were the ones which were recognized in a cultural context which varied across different cultural practices. Besides Gordon, Theorists such as William Sheldon also took part in trying to explain the traits theory.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This theory is argued on the basis of how one would carry out the study which was through idiographic or homothetic techniques. Gordon applied the principles of scientific taxonomy as he studied the character traits of different people, another principle he applied was expanding a unified theory of personality in a general manner other than the specific aspects of it which was later reviewed by Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck (theorists). Important aspects about this theory according to Gordon are that personality is dynamic adult and children have different motivation schemes, he also believes that with a few character traits one can easily explain an individual behavior and conscious va lues can be used to shape the personality of a person. Allport theory is completely viable in the sense that it is credible. Its concept primarily relies on the learning theory, psychoanalysis and existentialism. Although many other theorists find his work more descriptive and it lacks specific propositions from which a researcher can conduct tests and get the result from. The validity of trait measures and its objectivity has been well defined in the five factor model which defines neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness and agreeableness all which have brought order and understanding to the traits theory. Most physiologists assumed that traits could be used to explain human abilities. Issues related to culture, national origin, native language, gender, racial identity are some of the differences between people. These aspects are known to explain the kind of character trait a person is believed to have. It is considered that personality traits structure transcends cultural differences (Engler, 2008). The theory has been used to look at specific cultural manifestations of common personality dimensions especially upon the big five personality traits with the only difference being the modest created for each of these traits.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Personality theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Engler, B. (2008).Personality Theories: An Introduction. New York, NY; Cengage Learning, Richard M. (2007). Theories of Personality. New York, NY; Cengage Learning, This report on Personality theory was written and submitted by user Will H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Personality Theory Introduction Erik Erikson is a proponent of Freud’s psychosexual development theory supporting Freudian elements of psyche and the concepts of Oedipal and Electra complexes as explanation of sexuality. In his theory of epigenetic psychosocial development of personality, he expanded the Freud’s psychosexual theory by introducing the aspect of society and culture and by adding the principle of epigenetic.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Erikson postulates that the genesis of the personality development is from the innate characteristics of a child that are sequentially build through the eight stages of personality development under the influence of the society and culture. Erikson believes that personality development does not end at adolescence as depicted by Freud but it is a lifelong process. Each stage has an optimal time required for th e ego to resolve a psychosocial crisis. The resolution of the psychosocial crises at the preceding stages cumulatively determines the personality. Proper resolution of the psychosocial crisis in each stage result into a personality virtue while poor resolution of the psychosocial crisis result into mal-adaptation and malignancy. Mal-adaptation and malignancy are the anomalies of imbalanced personalities that may occur at each stage. The malignancy is due to skewed ego resolution towards negative personality while mal-adaptation is due to the skewed ego resolution towards positive personality. Hence, the epigenetic psychosocial theory postulates how personality develops from the innate characteristics through into the adulthood by the consecutive and cumulative impacts of the society and culture. The Infant Stage This personality development occurs within the first two years of an infant, a stage known as oral-sensory stage. The psychosocial crisis here is between the trust and mistr ust that depends on the perceived quality of the maternal care by the infant. Proper resolution and balance of the trust and mistrust by the ego, results into a virtue of faith and hope that gives an infant the qualities of patience and tolerance when the needs are not satisfied in time.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These virtues are important in our future personalities, as they will help us â€Å"get through disappointments in love, our careers, and many other domains of life† (Boeree, 2006). Faith and hope will make us endure the hard circumstances we encounter in the society and our work places. Improper and imbalanced resolution of trust and mistrust by the ego will result into malignancy and mal-adaptation. Too much maternal care will result into â€Å"mal-adaptive tendency of sensory mal-adjustment† where an infant will trust anybody through into the adulthood without imagining of possible harm from the strangers. On the other hand, poor maternal care will result into â€Å"malignant tendency of withdrawal† where an infant develops mistrust, depression and psychosis way into the adulthood (Boeree, 2006). An overt trust or mistrust personality affects our relationships in the work place and the society. The Toddler Stage This is the second stage occurring between 2-4 years, and is known as anal-muscular stage. The psychosocial crisis at this stage is the autonomy versus shame and doubt that depends on the degree of the restrictions imposed on the child by the parents. The toddler needs a balance between autonomy, and shame and doubt thus the ego must resolve the psychosocial crisis by balancing the two. According to Boeree (2006) â€Å"proper, positive balance of the autonomy, and shame and doubt, you will develop the virtue of willpower or determination.† The virtue attitude of determination improves our performanc e in the work places and the society. Little or no restriction of a toddler will result into â€Å"mal-adaptive tendency of impulsiveness† where a toddler develops a personality of shameless and overconfidence in which later in adulthood one become over ambitious. On contrary, too much restriction of the toddler will result into â€Å"malignant tendency of compulsiveness† where the toddler loses self-esteem and becomes dependent on the rules and regulation in order to do things perfectly (Boeree, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Preschooler Stage This is the genital-loco motor stage, which occurs at the age of 4-6 years. The psychosocial crisis is between the initiative and guilt at the level of family relation. At this stage, the child develops the capacity of moral judgment and oedipal experience ensues. The virtues of purpose and courage result when the ego resolves and balance the psychosocial crisis between the initiative and the guilt (Davis Clifton 1995). The virtues of purpose and courage help us to be responsible in our work and to the society. If the child has too much initiative, it will result into â€Å"maladaptive tendency of ruthlessness† where the person becomes selfishly objective in life not considering the interest of others. On the other hand, too much guilt will result into â€Å"malignant tendency of inhibition† (Boeree, 2006). The inhibited person becomes reserved and rigid, never to propose anything that is worth doing in the work places and in the society. School Age Child This is the fourth stage in psychosocial development and it occurs between the ages of 6-12 years. The psychosocial crisis is industry versus inferiority that occurs in the context of the community and the school. At this stage, the balance between industry and inferiority results into the virtue of co mpetence (Davis Clifton 1995). The virtue of competence in our lives makes us achieve satisfaction in our work and serving the society. The mal-adaptation of industry will result into narrow virtuosity that is characterized by the narrowness of our minds and interests, hence making us be mere actors of our real characters in the society (Davis Clifton, 1995). The malignancy of inferiority that occur at this stage is the inertia; one become inactive in the work place and in the society due to the feeling of inferiority complex thus the inactiveness makes have poor socialization skills. Adolescence Stage This is the fifth stage occurring between the ages of 12-18 years. The psychosocial crisis is between ego identity and the role confusion in the context of peer groups and role models. The virtue of fidelity is achieved when there is proper resolution of the psychosocial crisis by the ego (Boeree, 2006). Fidelity makes us to conform to the demands of the work and the society in spit e of the challenges.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The anomaly resulting from psychosocial crisis resolution is the identity crisis. Too much of the role confusion will result into â€Å"malignant tendency of repudiation† where one becomes alienated from the mainstream society and get involved with the vices in the society. On the other hand, excess of the ego identity will result into â€Å"mal-adaptive tendency of fanaticism† (Boeree, 2006). Fanaticism makes one to nurture the infallible interests without considering the views of others. Adult Stage These are the sixth, seventh and the eight stages and occur between the ages of 18 and beyond. The psychosocial crises are intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation and integrity versus despair. The psychosocial crises occur in the context of friends, partners, workmates, and the society. If the psychosocial crises are resolved and balanced very well, the virtues of love, care, and wisdom are obtained (Davis Clifton, 1995). The virtues of love and care ar e what makes us a have a healthy relationships with our partners, families, friends, community and the whole society. While the virtue of wisdom makes one approach death with courage and this is the gift to the children as â€Å"healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not to fear death† (Davis Clifton, 1995). The mal-adaptations at these stages are the promiscuity, overextension, and presumption. The mal-adaptations results into loose behavior at young adult, overworking in the middle adult and presumptuous character. In contrast, the malignant tendencies are exclusion from relationships in the young adult, middle life crisis of rejectivity and disdained in the life of the old (Cherry, 2010). These malignancies and mal-adaptations are the personalities the society is trying to avoid in the bid to build a better society. Conclusion The epigenetic psychosocial personality development theory clearly elucidates the sequentially development of pe rsonality from the innate personality of an infant through into the old through a cumulative effect of the societal and cultural factors. This theory is consistent with the Freud’s psychosexual theory with extension of the developmental stages into eight as compared to the five stages of psychosexual theory. Moreover, the aspects of culture and society have been incorporated together with the epigenetic concept. Balanced and proper resolution of the psychosocial crises at the stages results into personality virtues while skewed resolution of the crises results into personality anomalies of ma-adaptation and malignancy. The personality virtues and anomalies determine our roles in the work places and in the society. References Boeree, G. (2006). Erik Erikson: Personality Theories. Psychology Department  Shippensburg University. Retrieved from http://www.social-psychology.de/do/pt_erikson.pdf Cherry, K. (2010). Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. Psychology. W eb. Davis, D., Clifton, A. (1995). Psychosocial Theory: Erikson. Haverford. Retrieved from http://ww3.haverford.edu/psychology/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.html This research paper on Personality Theory was written and submitted by user Aryana P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Personality Theory Introduction Personality theories are conceptions that have been propagated by psychologists and academicians from time immemorial. The attempt at defining personality is guided by the intent of trying to understand and explain the psychological distinctiveness and similarities that people exhibit. This essay will critically analyze the cause of different personalities or character traits among individuals. The analysis will put into consideration the various theories that have been posited in effort to explain the same. This essay is largely informed by chapter 11 of the book â€Å"Psychology† by Hockenbury Hockenbury. In the book â€Å"psychology†, fifth edition, Hockenbury Hockenbury (458), observe that one has to understand the theory upon which the description of an individual’s personality is based in order to understand and make sense of the different characteristics of that personality type.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Persona lity Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hockenbury Hockenbury (458) further argue that there are clear explanations for the different characteristic in different personality types. Some of the theories discussed by Hockenbury and Hockenbury include the psychoanalytic theory, the social cognitive and humanistic perspective, the behavioral genetics theory and the trait theory. An analysis of these theories shows that one’s personality is dynamic and is dependent of many factors. For instance, as per the behavioral genetics theory, the manner in which a person behaves is influenced by inherited traits. On the other hand, the trait theory posits that one’s personality is dependent on what he or she has learnt from experience. The biological dimension indicates that the personality of our parents and fore-parents rubs on us. Each person gains something, in terms of personality trait, over time in the course of his own n atural growth and development. This means that a child will partly possess the character traits inherited from his family or parents and equally incorporate some characters he learns in his childhood into his or her persona. â€Å"The girl with a dragon tattoo†, is a movie that was produced in the ghettos of the US by Jermaine Dupree. This movie was geared towards highlighting the other face of the US. Unlike the much-publicized good life in America, which characterized by conspicuous consumption, fun and liberty, there are neighborhoods in the USA where crime and poverty among other ills abound. The movie rotates around one character, a girl by the name Lisbeth Salander. Salander is born and brought up in the ghetto from which the movie is shot. Her mother, Megan Salander, bore her after she was heartlessly gang raped by a group of young men who were drug peddlers for having failed to pay a drug debt. Being a drug addict herself, she did not care about the consequences of th at act, as she was already accustomed to bigger shocks and harsher treatments. For the mother, Lisbeth was born after or because of a bad accident and therefore was not a fruit of love. This meant that from the onset the mother treated Lisbeth unlovingly. Actually, many of her mother’s friends marveled and believed that it was by a miracle that the poor girl survived an abortion. Analysis of Lisbeth’s Traits Based on Personality Theories The life of lisbeth confirms some of the personality theories discussed in Hockenbury Hockenbury. For instance, after watching the movie, one cannot fail to relate the personality theory of behavioral genetics exemplified in the life of Lisbeth Salander. In the movie, the girl is portrayed as having a variety of character traits. Interestingly, when one compares her with the mum one can clearly differentiate the characters she inherited from her mother and those she picked along the way. The semblance between the character traits of L isbeth and her mother tend to confirm the theory that some character traits are genetic based.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering the psychoanalytic perspective on personality, lisbeth’s behavior can be understood as defense mechanisms she develops in order to survive in her environment. Sub-consciously, having had an unloving mother, she tends towards being defensive. Among her dominant traits highlighted in the movie is brutality. This particular trait is observed from her very early life. Psychoanalytically, it could be argued that love needs from since when she was born drive her towards hate. The girl was practically vicious in everything she did. At a mere age of three, she had already caused enough damage to many children of her age. This meant that many parents in the neighborhood would rarely allow Lisbeth to get anywhere close to their children. Eventually, the child was left with few if any child to play with. Matters deteriorated when she joined school. The very first day at school was met with untold hostility from her to the rest of the pupils. She actually managed to ruin another girl’s face using one of her toys. The girl in question had to undergo medical treatment, as she needed several stitches to bring her angelic face back to normal. By the time Lisbeth was halfway through her school life, she had been transferred to uncountable schools. This restless behavior could be explained psychoanalytically, but it could also be explained in terms of an under compensated ego as per the socio-cognitive perspective. Lisbeth could be said to have had an undercompensated ego due to the unloving childhood. Nobody in here social environment affirmed her. Consequently, desiring affirmation or due to reciprocal determination found in her social environment, she had literally appeared on the black book for record times in every school s he attended. She was always referred as the ‘special one’, by not only her fellow pupils but her teachers as well. In Lisbeth’s actions, one discerns desire to proof herself. One incident that prompted the authority to seek psychiatrist help for the girl was an instance of madness she got involved in with a boy in their class. Many knew the boy in question for his brutality, and practically he was certainly not just any other push over. He was hugely built and this meant that many of his colleagues were no much to his strength. The only mistake the boy did was to undermine the capability of Lisbeth. Being a small and lean girl, the bullyboy was sure of beating hell out of her head. He managed and actually beat her into a pulp.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At least for a while, the rest of the school was in high spirits that some medicine had actually been discovered to heal Lisbeth extraordinary craziness. They were all mistaken. The next few days were hell to Lisbeth and she did not dare get out of their house as she had a black eye. Upon resuming school, her mission was clear, at least to herself, she was a girl going after revenge. It did not take long for the Physical Exercise class to come, and they were all thrown out of class into the field. In total amazement to many pupils and teachers, she was very active that particular day on the hockey pitch. The first swing she made with her stick left the boy who had bullied her without at least six teeth according to those who could count them. Her comment was simple, it must have been an accident and that she was sorry. That was her last day in school. The behavioral genetics theory, arguably, also captures or explains Lisbeth’s character. The neighborhood, in which Lisbeth was brought up, was literally for the outcast in the society. The only thing that was not done there was merely the one that did not exist. By this notion, every kid was somehow an expert in many evils and prostitution or sexual immorality was their favorite. As many would guess, Lisbeth was not an exception. At a tender age of fifteen, she had literally graduated from sleeping with boys, and not many grown up men could equally meet her urge. Considering the trait theory, one discerns impulsiveness, disnihibition and elements of introversion in Lisbeth’s character. Lisbeth was widely known to be a loner, which is a trait of introverts. However, she approached issues with much impulsiveness, obsession and worrying novelty. One thing that amazed many people, those that were fortunate to interact with her, because she was a loner, was her brilliance in using and manipulating a computer. According to her own explanation, having been raised by many trustees, one of them was a computer scientist and it was from his motivation that she actually developed interest in computers. The most fascinating thing was how even the most qualified computer scientist, could not be able to handle some of the tasks she used to perform with no basic formal training.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the discussion on Lisbeth, as portrayed in the movie â€Å"the girl with a dragon tattoo†, it is clear from the onset that individuals acquire character traits from their parents i.e. inheritance but also from environment i.e. learning behavior of a neighborhood. There is a lot of things or happenings in Lisbeth’s life that confirm that character traits are inherited while there is enough to confirm as well that character traits are learnt from the environment. Lisbeth, one of the main characters from the movie ‘The girl with a dragon tattoo’ tends to resemble her mother in many ways. From being hostile, immoral but very brilliant, one can tell that she took after her mother. Lisbeth is strategic and does her things meticulously but with very selfish intentions and she is never remorseful about her dirty life. Such a disposition, it can arguable be asserted that she acquired it from living in her neighborhood. Work Cited Hockenbury, Don Ho ckenbury, Sandra. Psychology, New York: Routledge Publishers, 1991. Print. This essay on Personality Theory was written and submitted by user Mae Fisher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gods and Goddesses in Homers Epic Poem The Iliad

Gods and Goddesses in Homers Epic Poem The Iliad The Iliad is an epic poem ascribed to the ancient Greek storyteller Homer, which tells the story of the Trojan War and the Greek siege of the city of Troy. The Iliad is believed to have been written in the 8th century BCE; it is a classic piece of literature which is still commonly read today. The Iliad includes a dramatic series of battle scenes as well as many scenes in which the gods intervene on behalf of various characters (or for their own reasons). In this list, youll find the major gods and personifications described in the poem, including some rivers and winds. Aidoneus Hades: god, king of the dead.Aphrodite: love goddess, Supports the Trojans.Apollo: god, sends a plague, son of Zeus and Leto. Supports the Trojans.Ares: god of war. Supports the Trojans.Artemis: goddess, daughter of Zeus and Hera, sister of Apollo. Supports the Trojans.Athena: goddess active in battle, daughter of Zeus. Supports the Greeks.Axius: river in Paeonia (in north-eastern Greece), also the river god.Charis: goddess, wife of Hephaestus.Dawn: goddess.Death: brother of Sleep.Demeter: goddess of grain and food.Dione: goddess, mother of Aphrodite.Dionysus: divine son of Zeus and Semele.Eileithyia: goddess of birth pains and labor pangs.Fear: goddess: accompanies Ares and Athena into battle.Flight: god.Folly: daughter of Zeus.Furies: goddesses of revenge within the family.Glauce: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus).Gygaea: a water nymph: mother of Mesthles and Ascanius (allies of the Trojans).Hades: brother of Zeus and Poseidon, god of the dead.Halià «: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus). Hebe: goddess who acts as cupbearer to the gods.Helios: god of the sun.Hephaestus: god, son of Zeus and Hera, artisan god, crippled in his legs.Hera: divine wife and sister of Zeus, daughter of Cronos. Supports the Greeks.Hermes: divine son of Zeus, called killer of Argus.Hyperion: god of the sun.Iris: goddess, the messenger of the gods.Leto: goddess, mother of Apollo and Artemis.Limnoreia: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus).Muses: goddesses, daughters of Zeus.Nemertes: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus).Nereus: sea god, father of the Nereids.Nesaea: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus).Night: goddess.North Wind.Oceanus (Ocean): god of the river surrounding the earth.Orithyia: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus).Paeà «on: god of healing.Poseidon: major Olympian god.Prayers: daughters of Zeus.Proto: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus).Rhea: goddess, wife of Cronos.Rumour: a messenger from Zeus.Seasons: goddesses who look after the gates of Olympus.Sleep: god, brother of death.Strife: goddess active in war.Terror : god, son of Ares. Tethys: goddess; wife of Oceanus.Themis: goddess.Thetis: divine sea nymph, mother of Achilles, daughter of the old man of the sea.Thoà «: a Nereid (daughter of Nereus).Titans: gods imprisoned by Zeus in Tartarus.Typhoeus: monster held captive underground by Zeus.Xanthus: god of the Scamander River.Zephyrus: the west wind.Zeus: King of the gods.

Guanxi in Jeopardy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guanxi in Jeopardy - Essay Example When other countries decide to conduct business and partake on the growth and stability of another for economic reasons, the intruder has to understand the diverse culture that govern ones actions. Critics have widely maintained "that multinational corporations are agents of destruction". Their entry into the realm of another is therefore treated with apprehension. Joint venture agreements are major trends of globalization seeking market opportunities that go beyond their own national boundaries. Certain criteria should be studied and observed in the selection of a Joint Venture Partner specifically where diverse cultures are existent. Pritchard in his report specified "Asset Specificity" of a potential partner's resources are distinguished according to its market availability and potential financial results. A potential partner's technical skill and managerial flexibility can provide ability and plans for risk management. The recent political and economic events should also be among the considerations a JV requires. A multi-national company cannot allow disruptions to the negotiations that political upheavals could result to. A partner's economic viability and past dealings with other companies should also be considered as a reference for acceptable behavior especially where legal contracts are concerned to sea; the agreements and negotiation s.

Evidence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evidence Law - Essay Example In such cases, it is deemed that the confessions ceases to be reliable, and, as a result, may not tenable in a Court of Law. In such cases, what needs to be assessed is not what transported after the confessions was obtained, but what anteceded the confession, or in other words, the role of actions that led to the signing of the confessions by the defendants. "To justify the arrest, there had to be evidence that would lead a reasonable person to suspect that the arrestee had committed the offence." (What is a citizen's arrests 2007). In the interpretation of Section 76 (2) of the Act, it has been determined that where the prosecution wished to admit evidence in substantiation of their arguments, to establish complicity of the accused, the Courts, may disallow the said evidence to be used, if it has reasons to believe that this has been given under 'oppression' of the person, or by the occurrences of certain events or circumstances, which has rendered the evidence as unreliable. In such cases, it is for the prosecution to evidence that the evidences, true or otherwise was not obtained through "oppression' or other undesirable methods. (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Ch 60). 2007). It is further seen under Section 78, that the law also covers exclusion of 'unfair evidence' which states, that the Courts have discretionary powers to disallow evidence brought in by the prosecution as a basis of their argument, which, in the opinion of the Court, could have an "adverse effect" on the principles of fair trial for the accused. How However, this section needs to consider taking cognizance of the inclusion of evidence when rule of law specifically provides that it should be obeyed by the Court. (Statutes: Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Ch 60): Part VIII - Evidence in Criminal proceeding: General Confession: In this case it is seen that proceedings were initiated against Mr. Harry Collingwood and Mr. Fred Vaughan after alleged possession of items that could because blasts were recovered from search of their premises. Although they maintained their innocence, they were denied services of lawyers, and were subjected to physical and mental degradation. A solicitor or appropriate adult must be permitted to consult a detainee's custody records as soon as practicable after their arrival at the station and at any other time which the person is detained. (Police and criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). 2007). After this, they were forced to sign confessional statements accepting their complicity in the bomb blasts in Central London station. The evidences that could be used against Harry and Fred are: 1. the presence of incriminatory evidences in their premises 2. Their confessional statements forcibly made by Detective Inspector Lewis. There are various statutes which deal with the matter of explosive substances found in the possessions of residents of UK. Under the Explosive Substances Act 1883, if any explosive substances are found in the possession of a person, unless he can prove that its use was for 'lawful purposes' he could be sentenced to penal servitude for not less than 14 years, or imprisonment for 2 years. (Explosive Substances Act: 1883. 2007). In this case, if the substances were genuinely in the possession

Alice Walkers Short Story Everyday Use English Literature Essay

Alice Walkers Short Story Everyday Use English Literature Essay In Alice Walkers short story Everyday Use, there are many different things that Walker conveys throughout the story all of which deal with the African Americans history and values. The one thing that sticks out the most in the short story is the character of Dee who is developed into a very important character throughout the story. Walker is able to express her essential idea of heritage through Dees attitude, her behavior, and her actions in Everyday Use. Dee is a very unthankful and unappreciative of her history, and in result the reader can develop an understanding of African Americans heritage. Through Dees characteristics shown by her attitude, personality, and actions, Walker in Everyday Use conveys the central idea of heritage in the short story. Dee is an individual that doesnt particularly stick to her true heritage and shows a feeling of embarrassment toward her ancestry, her mom, and her sister. Dee comes across as one that holds herself above her mother and sister especially since she received an education. Nancy Tuten understands Dee as one that wants so badly to go to school to become educated so that she is not seen as stupid, showing that she is not exactly proud of her past. She doesnt appreciate her mother and sister living in the same way they have for years, suggesting an idea of embarrassment toward her past (Tuten). Tuten points out that Dee always attempts to devalue their lifestyle, and seems to have a desire that Mama and Maggie be something that they are not (126). Tuten notes that Mama hates the selfishness that Dee brings to the table, but still wishes to get respect from her daughter. Tuten brings in a source from Lindsey Tucker who suggests that Dee basically carries a white middle-class identity (126). Another valuable piece of information brought in for Tutens article is Valerie Smiths thoughts interpreted by Marianne Hirsch explaining Maggies feelings of embarrassment in front of Dee. Smith points out the part of the story when Mama is interpreting how Maggie will react to Dee and her arrival. Mama supposes that Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe (Walker 108). Hirsch views Maggie as one that seems powerless and pathetic (Tuten 127). All of these aspects that Dee has brought to the table make her appear to the reader that she is under-appreciative of what her heritage has really done for her which leads to the interpretation that she is embarrassed. Dee also goes far enough into her fairytale life and changes her name, attempting to disregard her familys identity, clearly showing her shame for it. Tutens article also points out Hirschs view regarding this change of name in Everyday Use. She understands Mama as one that hasnt shown any frustration toward Dee until this section when Dee cant even keep her name and a portion of her past. Hirsch notes that Walker changes the verb tense in that conversation over her identity change, creating a voice for Mama that has much more power (Tuten). This power is eventually used, says Tuten, to help Mama, affirm her allegiance to Maggie and to assert her emotional freedom from Dee (128). David Cowart also discusses the disloyalty of Dee by changing her name which was passed from generation to generation in their family all the way back and past the Civil War. Cowart views this disloyal action along with her clothes, her hair, her sunglasses, her patronizing speech, and her Black Muslim compa nion as Dee trying to declare a deplorable degree of alienation from her rural origins and family (172). Dee doesnt grasp the idea that her name connects her to her heritage, and by changing that she is seen as trying to disregard where she comes from. Cowart knows Dee as one that has basically detached herself from a nurturing tradition (172). Dee chooses to disengage herself from her ancient name which was passed down in her family for something classier such as Wangero. Her name was also her great-grandmothers name, and by changing it, Dee appears to not have much care for her family. She believes it is much classier, but Helga Hoel notes that the name is distorted from the original reference to a Kikuyu name. Hoel brings in a source from Barbara Christian clarifying that names are extremely important in African and African American culture as a means of indicating a persons spirit (Hoel 37). In conclusion to this remark, Dee can be seen as one that is trying to get rid of her name and heritage which links her to the rest of her family that is a supposed to be a very important part in her life. Hoel declares that Dees identity change of her first and middle name do not even represent one ethnic group, instead it relates to the entire East African area. Hoel notices this mistake and views it as something that shows Dees s uperficial knowledge of Africa and all it stands for (37). This point made contributes to the thought that Dee doesnt appreciate her heritage because she is trying to alter it and doesnt even understand what is truly behind her new one either. Dee wants to take several items in the house to represent her familys ancestry put on display at her house rather than putting them into everyday use. She disconnects herself from her family name, but still believes that she should be able to take many family items to be put on display. Cowart understands Dees desire for the quilts, the churn lid, and the photographs for purposes of display, reminders that she no longer has to live in such a house, care for such a cow, and have daily intercourse with such a mother and sister (175). Donna Haisty Winchell in Cowarts article implies that Dee makes the mistake of believing that ones heritage is something that one puts on display if and when such a display is fashionable (Cowart 175). Dee does not see the wrong to take these items from Mama and Maggie, failing to appreciate their heritage. Instead, Cowart proposes that she, who wants only to preserve that heritage as the negative index to her own sophistication (175). When Dee comes home to visit Mama and Maggie, she takes her share of photos. She takes several shots, those of the cows, Maggie, and of course the house. Whitsitt notes that she photographs everything and frames the image of Maggies and Mamas lifestyle, making it resemble a life she is not a component of. The source from the Bakers in this article says that they know this as Dees fashionably aesthetic distance from southern expediencies, and her framed experience of her heritage (Whitsitt 449). In addition to Dees desire for family items, she also brings along a characteristic of overlooking these possessions and devaluing items such as the quilts which should mean something to her and her heritage. Elaine Showalter notes in Cowarts article that the quilts, fought over by Wangero (Dee) and her mother indicate an ancestry that is much more personal and immediate than the intellectual and deracinated daughter can see (Cowart 179). Quilts are seen as the creative legacy that African Americans have inherited from their maternal ancestors says Barbara Christian in Sam Whitsitts literary critique (Whitsitt 443). The quilts connect women and men and families to their later generations to their past by resembling the tradition and pieces of their past which will be passed to those in the current days (Whitsitt). Cowart says that the quilts illustrate the ancestry that Dee has already abandoned which she now doesnt even share her name with the people in her family whose lives were p ieced together from their old scraps of clothes into quilts (Cowart). Barbara Christian in Cowarts article remarks that the heritage in the eyes of Maggie and Mama is depended on by living a tradition. The quilting and butter churning along with their developed nags for it are passed down from each generation in their family. She believes that Mama and Maggie should continue to be put these items into everyday use as they continue to keep up the trend in doing everything and living the tradition. Maggie is the one that can quilt, and if Dee is the one that gets the quilt, then the tradition along with the learned skills will stop and discontinue throughout the family tree (Cowart). Whitsitt also notices a verb tense after Dee announces her identity change which he believes gives Mamas voice more power along with creating an invisible frame that sets apart Dee from Mama and Maggie and their lifestyle. When Mama changes tenses to gain more authority after Dee tells her of her identity change, Whitsitt believes that Mama is then starting to be framed with Mama outside with a different view on lifestyle and the familys heritage (Whitsitt). In the story the reader views Mamas excitement of Dee coming home as her ready to enjoy time being spent with her daughter. She understands that she has left to become educated and changed her lifestyle which partly results in their different views on everything. Whitsitt brings in a quote from Hirsch, who notices the discrepancy of the two but says that Mama does a great job of making her decisions by herself and not changing her values of her heritage like her daughter did. He says that she has an ability to maintain a distance from Dee without visibly rejecting her (Whitsitt 451). When Dee introduces her identity change, Whitsitt notices this verb shift as Tuten did and recognizes it as Mamas epiphany when something hit me in the top of my head and ran down the soles of my feet, leading Mama to take charge and do something that I never had done before: hugged Maggie to meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Walker 113). He understands the unframed to framed, present tense to past tense forms to represent the idea of alteration and Walkers attention paid toward it. Whitsitt concludes that the central characters in the story have changed throughout Everyday Use. He points out that Dee, whose insensitive intrusion, who in spite of herself brings Mama to claim a voice (Whitsitt 454). Dees change helps Mama develop and change in the story by eventually gaining voice and sticking up for herself along with Maggie and the quilts (Whitsitt). Dees actions of trying to take the quilts which were promised to Maggie, characterizes her as a thief. One who notices the cruel action is Whitsitt, who considers the attempted action as stealing from her innocent sister, Maggie. He notices that Dee wants to take the quilts along with other items of the house, but without any connection such as an obligation to them which Whitsitt views as denigrating the quilts, and then claiming they are priceless (456). Dee gets very angry and frustrated after Mama says that she promised the quilts to Maggie, and she blames Maggie noting that she is too backward to know the difference between things of value and of no value (Walker 112). Whitsitt believes this comment and finger-pointing is also done in an indirect way pointed not only at Maggie but also toward Mama and their standard of living (Whitsitt). Regardless of all of Dees disloyal actions, attitudes, and undermining, she still wants to use the quilts to put up on her wall to represent her ancestry. She is unappreciative of the material things such as the quilts, but she still believes that she deserves them even though she is embarrassed of her past. She mistakes her own heritage and changes her name to something that isnt even correct from her country. She takes her heritage for granted by changing into some would call a phony (Cowart172). Dee values her heritage for all the wrong reasons such as when she is said to use it as aesthetics to put on display in her house but really only to show that she is no longer a part of it anymore. She always puts down Maggie and Mama, hinting that they need to change and quit living in the past, but really Maggie and Mama feel that they should be living in tradition rather than changing their everyday life. Dee recognizes herself as confirming her African heritage especially by changing h er name to Wangero, by changing her way of life, and by changing her appearance, but she only seems to belittle her cultural background.

An Inspector Calls Play Essay

‘An Inspector Calls’ has been called ‘a play of contrasts’. Write about how Priestley presents some of the contrasts in the play. In the play there are wide differences in not only the treatment of Sheila Birling and Eva Smith but also large contrasts in the girls themselves- with Eva being a poor uncared for girl and Sheila being a privileged upper-middle class girl. This not only separates them as they would be unable to fully empathise with each other as they experience widely contrasting lives. This is shown as Mr Birling says â€Å"but I see no point in mentioning the subject – especially -(indicating Sheila.)† The quote paired with the stage direction highlights Mr Birling’s attempts to prevent Sheila from being exposed to the situation. This is done as they feel that Sheila should be protected from merely hearing the awful situations that some girls have to endure. This concern is in contrast with how they view Eva Smith as both p arents have minimal concern for the fact that they are partly responsible for Eva having to live on the streets. ‘There’s nothing I can tell him. I told the girl to clear out, and she went.’ The use of ‘nothing’ indicates how Mr Birling views the situation of Eva, as if it was ‘nothing’ that he was at fault for Eva being on the streets and out of a job- a contrast to the sheltered life he creates for Sheila. At both ends of the play there is contrast in the language used by Inspector and Birling in their speeches. The early speech by Mr Birling is one with a much happier and self-supporting view of society compared to the later one by the Inspector which holds a tone of finality and encompasses the idea of being responsible for everyone around you. Both speeches talk of the responsibility we have however; where the Inspector talks of responsibility for all- ‘We don’t live alone.’ Mr Birling means to say that we are responsible for ourselves and no more- ‘. We employers at last are coming together to see that our interests’ These speeches indicate the attitudes held by the speaker clearly, with Mr Birling showing concern for ‘we employers’ highlights the socialist view held by Mr Birling as he views they employers as one while entity that need to protect and look after each other with minimal concern for the rest of society.

Personality Notes Essay

* Personality is the unique and relatively stable way in which a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Character is value judgments of a person’s ethical and moral behavior. Temperament refers to the enduring characteristics that a person is born with. * There are four main personality theories. The psychodynamic perspective focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development of personality and biological causes of personality differences. The behaviorist perspective is focused on theories of learning and the effect of the environment on behavior. The humanistic perspective focuses on a person’s life choices and experiences in personality development. The trait perspective is not concerned with how personality forms, but the end characteristics of personality. * Freud believed the mind was divided into three parts: the preconscious, the conscious and the unconscious. Conscious is where current awareness exists. Preconscious contains memories, information and events that one is easily aware of. The unconscious is where thoughts, feelings, memories and other information is kept that is not voluntarily or easily brought into consciousness. The id is the first and most primitive part of the personality. It is unconscious, pleasure-seeking and amoral. The pleasure principle is the principle by which the id functions, immediate satisfaction without regard for consequences. * The ego is the second part of personality that comes from a need to deal with reality. It’s mostly conscious, rational and logical. It functions on the reality principle, satisfying the needs of the id only when negative consequences will not result. * The final part of the personality according to Freud is the superego, which functions as a moral center. It contains the conscience, which produces pride or guilt depending on how acceptable the behavior is. * Fixation is defined by Freud as getting stuck in a developmental stage. * Psychosexual stages are the five stages of personality development that Freud tied directly to a child’s sexual development. * The first stage is the oral stage in the first year of life. The mouth is the erogenous zone. It is governed by the id. Weaning is the major conflict. * The second stage is the anal stage from 1-3 years, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the major conflict. Children who rebel against toilet training are said to grow into an anal expulsive personality: messy, destructive and hostile. Children who refuse to poop are said to grow into an anal retentive personality: neat, fussy, stingy and stubborn. * The third stage is the phallic stage, from 3-6 years, in which the child develops sexual feelings. Freud believed that children developed an Oedipus complex during this stage, in which they develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Latency is the fourth stage, occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings are repressed in order for the child to develop in other ways. * Genital stage is the fifth stage, from puberty to death, in which the child has to come to terms with their sexual feelings. * Psychoanalysis was Freud’s term for the theory of personality and the therapy based on it. * The Neo-Freudians were followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories. * Carl Gustav Jung disagreed with Freud about the unconscious mind. He believed there was a personal unconscious, as Freud described, and a collective unconscious of all memories shared by the human species. Collective human memories are called archetypes. * Alfred Adler also disagreed with Freud about sexuality being the driving force of personality. He believed that as children, people felt inferior to more powerful adults and everything after that point was not seeking of pleasure, but seeking of superiority. He also developed a theory that birth order had input into personality. Karen Horney didn’t study directly with Freud, but taught his work until she left because of disagreement over penis envy, which she countered with womb envy. She didn’t focus on sexuality, but instead anxiety. She said that children are born with basic anxiety, which is created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults. Those with less secure upbringings end up with neurotic personalities, in which they have maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships. Freud did no experiments and only based his theory off of his own experiments. He took it as his right to interpret experiences of his clients as fact or fantasy depending on how they fit in his theory. * According to behaviorists, personality is no more than a set of habits. Habits are defined as a set of well-learned responses that have become automatic. * Social cognitive learning theorists focus on both the effects of other people’s behavior and of a person’s own expectancies of learning. In the social cognitive view of Alfred Bandura, behavior is also governed by cognitive processes like anticipating, judging, memory and anticipation. * Reciprocal determinism is Bandura’s explanation of how the environment, personal characteristics and behavior itself affect future behaviors. Environment includes the physical surroundings, people who may or may not be present and the potential reinforcement in the setting. Self-efficacy is one of the most important variables Bandura speaks of. It is the individual’s expectancy of how effective their efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance. * One important pattern of responding is the locus of control, which is the tendency for people to assume they either do or do not have control over events they experience in their own lives. Like Bandura, Rotter believed a combination of factors affected behavioral response: expectancy and reinforcement value. Expectancy is a person’s subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence. The humanistic perspective is the â€Å"third force† in psychology, which focuses on aspects of personality that make people uniquely human. * Carl Rogers believed that humans are always striving to fulfill their innate capacities and abilities to become all that their genetic makeup will allow. Striving for fulfillment is called the self-actualization tendency. An important tool for this is self-concept, an image of oneself that develops from important interactions with significant people in one’s life. Self is awareness of one’s own personal characteristics and level of functioning. Two components of self-concept are real self, which is one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits and abilities, and ideal self, the perception of what one should be or would like to be. * Positive regard refers to the warmth, affection, love and regard that comes from significant others in one’s life. Unconditional positive regard has no strings attached. Conditional positive regard depends on what a person is doing. * A fully functioning person, according to Rogers, is in touch with and trusting the deep, innermost urges and feelings. The trait theories describe characteristics that make up human personality in order to predict future behavior. Traits are consistent, enduring ways of thinking, feeling or behaving. * Allport was one of the first trait theorists. He and his partner looked through the dictionary, picked words that could be traits, then narrowed it town. He believed traits were wired in to the nervous system to guide behavior. * Raymond Cattell built on that and described two types of traits, surface traits and source traits. Surface traits are easily seen by others. Source traits are more basic and form the curve of personality. Introversion is a dimension of personality in which people withdraw from excess stimulation. * The five-factor model or the Big Five is a model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions. Openness is a willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences. Conscientiousness refers to the thought a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability. Extraversion divides people into introverts (solitary) and extroverts (social). Agreeableness is the basic emotional style of the person. Neuroticism is the degree of emotional stability or instability. * Mischel has emphasized that there is a trait-situation interaction where the particular circumstances of a situation will influence how a trait is expressed. * Behavioral genetics is the field of study devoted to discovering the genetic bases for personality traits. Several studies have found that the five factor traits have a 50% heritability over several cultures. Interviews cause the problem of false reports and the halo effect, in which a person’s personality is so good that the interviewer interprets them to be good all around, especially when that is false. * Projective tests present ambiguous visual stimulus to clients and ask them to respond with whatever comes to mind. The Rorscach inkblot test uses 10 inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli. The Thematic Aperception Test uses 20 black and white pictures of people. Projective tests are very subjective, not very reliable or valid. * Other tools for assessment are direct observation and personality inventory.