Marketing of 15 inch multimedia TV system

The 15 inch multimedia LCD TV system is a high resolution system just like the 17 inch one. The 15 inch multimedia LCD TV is capable of displaying the different features that are possessed by the 17 inch one. The main reasons why the 15 inch TV system has lagged behind in terms of sales could be attributed to its smaller size of the display screen, slightly lesser or fewer features, among other few shortcomings. Despite all these shortcomings, this TV system has the advantage of being cheaper hence it can be afforded by many people. It also has the advantage of having similar feature as those possessed by the 17 inch TV system. By looking at a spectrum of several options in an attempt to raise the sales volumes of the 15 inch TV system, one of them seems to bee more practical and achievable in the prevailing circumstances. This is serous advertising and sales promotion of this product (Don E Schultz, 1997). All seems not lost yet because the product is operating slightly above the break-even-point and therefore if a serious adverting and sales promotion is done the trend can change. Advertising is the creation of awareness of a product and appealing to the public to purchase the product. On the other hand sales promotion stands for other marketing activities other than personal selling, advertising and publicity and is intended to stimulate demand for the product i.e. consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness. Both advertising and sales promotion are part of what is referred to as the marketing communication mix or promotion mix (http://www.onlinewbc.org/DOCS/market/adv_vs_pr.html) How it is to be done There are several approaches that should be applied in advertising. Advertising is intended to influence long term buying behavior. One way of achieving this goal is through placing adverts continually in the press media i.e. daily newspapers and magazines. Through this it is expected that the adverts will reach out to a large population in the country or the market area. The other means / way in which advertising should be done is through placing adverts in the electronic media such as radio and televisions. This is also has advantage of reaching out to a large audience. This kind of advertising should portray all the positive aspects of using the 15 inch TV system. The visual aspect is likely to create more demand in the short term and also in the long term. Other than adverts in the print and electronic media, advertising should also be done through public launches in different parts of the country or expected market coverage area. During such launches demonstrations on the operation of the TV system should be done. Advantages of using this product should be highlighted during such launches. Sales promotions should also be done. This could involve issuing coupons, free samples, refunds and rebates, premiums or gifts, contests and sweepstakes, point-of -sale displays, shows and exhibitions, among other ways.( Julian Cummins, 1997 ). When these are done properly immediate surge in sales volumes is likely to be observed. This is true because customers like â€Å"something extra† like a gift when they purchase a product, provided that it is of good quality. The product in question i.e. the 15 inch TV system has good quality and hence sales promotion can assist in boosting sales hence profits. Conclusion It is important to know that both advertising and sales promotion can be applied together as part of the promotional mix for the 15 inch TV system. The campaign for raising sales volume for this product can effectively use these two tools to achieve its targets. Personal selling should come in to support advertising by increasing the sales. References 1. Advertising and publicity available at http://www.onlinewbc.org/DOCS/market/adv_vs_pr.html assessed on Feb. 1, 2008 2. Julian Cummins, (1997). Sales Promotion: How to Create, Implement and Integrate Campaigns That Really Work. Prentice Hall 3. Don E Schultz (1997). Sales Promotion Essentials: The 10 Basic Sales Promotion Techniques†¦ and How to Use Them. Prentice Hall         

Stakeholders

Resource management In Kenya Is a key aspect that Is observed by various state organs to ensure they are well managed. These resources range from the available land for settlement to the recently discovered minerals such as the oil in Turban region. The status of these resources is usually assessed by means of aerial photographs and Intensive ground trotting. Maps are produced on GIS environment making It possible to store, retrieve and analyses various types of information very quickly.The maps together with the digitized information provide important tools to he management of the resources both natural and man-made thus providing useful overviews for planning, Implementation and monitoring. This information is vital for the government and other stake holders who are Involved In the management, exploitation and control of these resources. Land Is one of the key resources that Its management Is through the adoption of the GIS. The processes of administering and managing land over th e last over 100 years has mainly relied on a paper-based manual system.The hundreds of records generated have since posed a great challenge, and unbearable to effectively refer to scores and retrieve them. As a result therefore, the entire process has become Inefficient, time consuming, unreliable, restrictive, occasioned repetitiveness, unaccountable and costly, undermining efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery by the government departments that are responsible for this process. In order to address these daunting challenges owing to the legacy Paper-Base Systems dating back Into the 1900, there Is need for compensation In terms of allocation and management.This involves converting the existing land records into digital records that will be used electronically while the paper records are stored into an archive. The electronic records will be used in day to day transactions, while the archive records are preserved and will only be used as reference records. In terms of lan d allocation and apportioning, the Geographic Information System should be applied. This will give the accuracy and it will make the allocation process to be more effective and cost effective.Land in Kenya is regarded as the most important asset and It serves a wide range of activities ranging from the farming, settlement to being the primary factor of production for Industries and other processing businesses. Land has been always the contentious issue ever since the time of independence. The major problem in Kenya is the lack of a management plan owing to lack of reliable and up-to-date comprehensive land demarcation maps. Most of the stakeholders don't have access to Information on the changes that have occurred In the lands department in Kenya over period of time. OFF The aim of this proposal is to show how GIS specialist are able to manage captured and processed survey data concerning land distribution and allocation within the associated organization through the development of approaches to achieve information that is â€Å"GIs-ready' and eventually to disseminate the end product geopolitical data over the Internet using current geopolitical handling technology via all appropriate standards. Throughout the research the main objectives can be given as follows: To review the type and format of raw and processed survey and mapping data for the land distribution which have been stored for a long time?To construct a survey data management system to facilitate the combination of data and information from raw and processed survey data from different seamless databases and sources using GIS technique. To design a flow line and modus operandi to remodel and transform the managed survey data into GIs-ready information using contemporary geographic information application and technology. To develop an on- line geographic information system to facilitate the delivery of geopolitical data via the Web to meet the needs of corporate Intranet and demands of worldwide In ternet access. There is need for application of remote sensing and GIS technology in mapping of various areas to show the appropriate distribution, allocation and management of the land. Remote sensing and GIS are increasingly used worldwide to assist in gathering and analyzing images acquired from aircrafts, satellites and even balloons. The notable advantages of using GIS include the ability to update the information rapidly, to undertake comparative analytical work and making this information available as required.GIS in addition to providing efficient data storage and retrieval facilities also offers a cheaper option of monitoring land distribution over time. The growth of Internet access and use coupled with advancements in web eased technologies over the past decade has provided new possibilities for the access, delivery and use of geographical information system. (GIS). GIS sector has begun to recognize the importance and role of the web for the dissemination of spatial infor mation, with many GIG technology vendors now offering extended systems of Internet Map Server (M'S) to their desktop products e. . Arches, Comedic, GE Smallwood AIMS. The development of such systems has introduced and highlighted issues pertinent to the use of Geographical Information System via the web for appropriate land distribution and management. For the government to ensure it has achieved its set objects in terms of land management and distribution, there are various initiatives that have been drawn up to bring the country closer to that objective. One of these is the e-government initiative of using technology for the improvement of many services and connectivity of various products.The government should ensure that the data are stored in various seamless databases, data files and image files. These datasets should be able to serve communities who use geopolitical data and information for businesses and developments and telnets. There are a number of applications using GIS technology used in and provide specializes data according to their functions; however in many cases users or even organizations themselves need other datasets for a particular application. The main problem that faces the GIS community nowadays in Kenya and some developing countries is the missing of geopolitical data and information as well as the geopolitical data services on the land related issues. A gap exists between surveying standards and practices and those in GIS. GIS specialists had expressed that surveying community are slow in achieving map and data product, not to mention expensive and unfinished artifacts.They instead produce their own data which do not compromise to the standard of formality in which surveyors respond that clients are confused and given with incorrect norm of data as well as map. This creates misunderstanding and surveyors esteem may be challenged in term of their public mission and work. This mental disagreement at least can be tackled by some availa ble software technology which surveyors can easily incorporate their agreements and calculations into GIS databases that serve all sections and applications in an organization.Survey data should therefore be stored in a GIS environment. CONCLUSION This proposal is intended to explain how to manage survey datasets on resource management through the production of GIs-ready information using appropriate standard and computing application involved. The Government and stake holders should come together and realism there is need of training the specialist who are able to handle GIS and Remote Sensing applications. This will help during planning, monitoring and distribution of the essential resources. Stakeholders Currently, 29 floor commercial towers of GIFT have been completed and the full project is estimated to be completed by 2017. The purpose to build this huge project is to provide world class infrastructure to a broad range of finance and tech firms from different parts the country. It will comprise of Software Technology Parks of India (STEP) units, malls, Special Economic Zone (SEE), integrated townships, hotels, stock exchange, international techno park and various service units. (2011) A 50:50 Joint venture company â€Å"Gujarat International Finance Etc-City Company Limited† (GIFT) is eating this project for which I am the project manager.This company is the Joint venture of Government of Gujarat (GO) with its undertaking Gujarat Underdevelopment Company Limited (GUIDED) and International Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS). (2011) Gujarat Under Development Company limited (GUID) assists capacity building and project implementation. And IL&FS incorporated in 1987 provides financial services for the development of core infrastructure areas. Over the years IL&FS has increased its shareholdings including State Bank of India, IRIS Corporation of Japan and ABA Dhabi Investment Authority.The aim of this project is to build a CB that will provide as a paradigm for the next world class city in terms of infrastructure, quality of life and work. It is designed as a hub for the global financial service sector showcasing business orientated growth with equity. It has the state of the art connectivity and transportation access, thus providing a better quality of life and treating it as a precious resource. GIFT would provide 5, 00,000 direct and indirect Jobs which would require 62 million square feet of real estate offices. This will attract top talent in the country who aims at living the best quality of life.GIFT is a Financial and Information Technology hub and is designed to be at par with other world class financial centers in Tokyo, Paris, London, etc. (20 14) All the best and major companies are involved in this project for electricity, piped gas, Telecoms, Air conditioning and all the basic necessities of life. The targeted business divisions of GIFT are the banking sectors, Asset management companies, IT services, BOP and KOP services. Now, for this big project to be completed different associates and consultants are part of this project which our company GIFT would be dealing with.I m the project manager and responsible for this big and important project to be completed without no delays and no failures. Every mega project has stakeholders both external and internal. Stakeholder management process conducted efficiently facilitates in improving the project. 2. 0 Stakeholders: Stakeholders are any group or individuals that are actively involved in the project and whose interest may be affected by the achievement of the corporation. These are those groups or people that have vested interest in the success of the project and environme nt within which the project operates.A majorette has group of takeovers associated throughout its lifestyle. The composition of stakeholders varies from project to project. Stakeholders are classified according to their relationship to the project. Rodgers 2000) 2. 1 Internal stakeholders: Internal stakeholders are the primary stakeholders that are directly, financially and legally associated with the project. They can be project owners, client organization, project management team, customer user, employees and financial creditors. Internal stakeholders are formally connected with the project. 2. External stakeholders: External stakeholders are the secondary stakeholders that do not have a ramifications associated with the project and are not directly employed by the company. They may comprise of customers, clients, wholesalers, local and national government bodies, social and political organizations, nearby residents, media, social services, etc. 3. 0 Identification of GIFT Stakeho lders: stakeholders associated with it. 3. 1 The Promoters: Gujarat Urban Development Company Limited (GUID) which is government body that assists the state government for the urban development and formulation of policies.This stakeholder would facilitate sustainable development of urban areas for achieving high living standards. Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services (IL&FS) is another promoter for this project that was promoted by Central Bank of India (CB), Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HEAD) and Unit Trust of India (UT'). They focus on core development areas with their financial services. 3. 2 The Associates: East China Architectural Design Institute (ACADIA) and Firewood India Put Limited are responsible for the design and architecture of the GIFT.McKinney and Company, Jones Lang Losable Meghan and McMahon & Tabor are responsible for market demand assistance. Hewitt has been assigned for the talent demand assessment. British Telecoms is responsible for CIT services and its applications. ABA group of Switzerland will be responsible for supplying electricity and setting up of power grids. (2011) The general public, local public of Gujarat, local and national level bodies of Gujarat, media, nearby residents to the location of the project and social services like schools, hospitals fall under stakeholders of this project. . 0 Classification of GIFT stakeholders: There are a lot of stakeholders for this project as GIFT has asked for the services from different sectors for the successful completion of the project yielding maximum infinite. And there are important as well as less important stakeholders. The role of the project manager is not only to understand the technical specifications and features but also the people associated with it, links between the technology, environment and communities associated with it..As the project manager for the company, I have to deal them with all at some stage or the other. Stakeholders for my comp any are categorized on the scale of interest and power ranging from low level to high level. They are assessed according to their level of interest compared to the power they possess to exercise those interests. 4. Stakeholder Matrix: Below is the Stakeholder matrix describing the different types of stakeholders according to their interests and power in this project. (Oleander 2006) Stakeholder Matrix 5. Engagement with the stakeholders: Large scale projects sometimes easily fail when we neglect to engage the key stakeholders of the project. Project managers and teams spend months and years to complete a project but fails due to the insufficient shortages of internal and external resources. The key is to follow a systematic approach for engaging with the stakeholders at various levels depending on their importance. It is important to view he stakeholder landscape from multiple dimensions, inside and outside the organization. (Sahara 2008) 1.Key Stakeholders: High interest and high p ower The key stakeholders mentioned in the table are the first and foremost ones I as a project manager have to satisfy them as they have the power to affect the company and a high degree of likelihood that they will use their power. Gujarat International of India and state government have to be communicated effectively and correctly to take approvals for the legal formalities. Gujarat Urban Development Authority is one of the key stakeholders for acquisition of land. Before the start of the project all the legal permissions and formalities has to be done.For approval of Special Economic Zones (SEE), Ministry of Commerce (Gobo. Of India) is another important stakeholder. (2014) GAUD, central Civil Aviation department, environmentalists and micro zoning are some more key players that have the highest interests and power for the project to be initiated and completed. So having formal meetings, permissions and approvals for the same have to be done at early stages for the kick start of the project. These stakeholders are directly involved with setting program vision and goals for overall aerogram leadership and management.These stakeholders have the power to formally instruct change and even can stop the work. So, the senior government officials of the Gujarat Urban Development Company Limited (GUIDED) and Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL) have to be informed at every stage in the project for their approval. The Coo's and COO's of both the companies are directly involved at early stage because ultimately they are responsible for the successful completion of the project. The second and important stakeholders of these kinds are the associates associated with the project. They are big shot impasses that are the best in their fields.They have the say in every new building or tower of GIFT that has to be built. These are: Consortium of Firewood India Put. Ltd. And East China Architectural Design Institute (DEAD) which are responsible for the design of t he entire project. So the officials of these companies are involved at every stage for further development of the project. Market Demand Assessment companies (McKinney & Company). British Telecoms for CIT services have been appointed for the IT services and its applications. ABA group of Switzerland is responsible for the power management and power grids.Communications 2013) The services of these companies have been hired by or company at a very high cost due to their excellence in their respective fields. These companies won't stake their reputation for the sake of money and profits made by them in this project. If something goes wrong, they will have the bad name in the industry and may affect worldwide reputation. So they have the highest power and interests and affect the overall development of the project. They have the say at every stage of the project and their advice and suggestions on the project is essential as they will be assessing this entire city.These stakeholders hav e the highest power and interests and their decisions will impact significantly on the project. 2. Keeping stakeholders satisfied: High power but low interests These types of stakeholders have high powers and may not realize the degree of effect they have over the company and therefore must be kept satisfied. For our company the sub-contractors and suppliers constitute these types of stakeholders. Consultation is being taken from the multinational companies but the material will be supplied by the local suppliers and sub-contractors. Every constructional project requires the resources for land placement and buildings.These may include building material, electric components, sewage components, CIT material, power supply material and many more. Most of the materials come from local suppliers and national suppliers and company relies on them for the material. These have high impact on the company but are not aware of the any events taking place and hence these have to be kept satisfied . Similarly, the sub-contractors that supplies labor and workforce constitutes these types of stakeholders. The unions and workforce involved in the construction of the Gujarat International Finance Etc-city are heavily involved in the reject.Our company pays them their wages and salary as suitable to the sub- contractors and they are happy with this. They don't much care about what is happening in the company and when the project will be completed. As long as they get the wages, they are satisfied and keep on working for this entire project. The meetings with the head of the sub-contractor take on a weekly basis as they are mainly concerned with the salaries and wages of their workforce. Similarly, the suppliers for our project supply the material from their stock houses and ware houses and are not aware of any events.Although the material requirement matters he most in a project, but our company pays our suppliers in a timely manner and they are satisfied. So, these kind of stakeh olders have high powers in terms of workforce and building material and have to be kept satisfied. 3. Keeping stakeholders informed: High interest low power These type of stakeholders although have a high interest but has little power to exercise control so they can be maintained through the management of information to keep them informed about the company events.As our company is heading this GIFT project, there are a number of banks and financial companies associated with s. Involving them in every important meeting may lead to confusions which can cause delay in the project. As our company holds different events every month about the new allotments, offers and schemes, these financial banks and authorities can be informed and hence can be kept at a distance. 4. Minimal Effort stakeholders: Low power low interest This type of stakeholders poses no threat to the company due to lack of both power and interest.Our company pays very less focus on this group. These are not directly rel ated to the project but may general interest in the program's outcome. For our reject which in the state of Gujarat, the local social groups, local communities, social services (schools, hospitals, etc), nearby residents, and pressure groups falls under this category. There are different Gujarat Government Departments that may interfere with the project.The meetings with these stakeholders can be held once in 6 months as our company poses no threat from them. A minimum effort is required on them and not much time is wasted on these stakeholders. 5. 1 Stakeholders influence on project lifestyle: Table below summarizes how the project manager approaches different stakeholders n context of their individual relationships. The effect of project life cycle perceived by project manager is done on four main spheres namely: decision making; time; cost and environment.Every sphere is given a rating on the scale from 1-5: 1=Extremely weak; 2=Weak; 3=Neutral; 4=Strong; 5=Extremely strong Table: Stakeholders ranking based on the influence on four project spheres Stakeholder rank Time Cost Environment Project Manager (GUIDED) 4 5 Promoters 2 Associates Contractors 3 Government Authorities ;appliers Trade associations 6 Local Communities 6. 0 Risk Assessment and Management: It is impossible to specify all the risks that arise from development of construction projects. Our project Gujarat International Finance Etc-city (GIFT ) is a billion dollar project and has all kinds of risks associated with it.And as a project manager for this project I would try to manage risks in order to achieve the project objectives in terms of cost, quality, time, safety and environment. There are different types of risks associated which I have classified them into three parts: 1 . Conventional Risks: Reasons Fire Messy storage of wood, use of flammable liquid, use of plastics, welding works, cigarette buds, electric material, etc†¦ Lightning Atmospheric electricity, lightning conductors. Ex plosions Temporary transforms for electricity supply, boilers and compressors. 2.Catastrophic Risks: These risks are known as unforeseen risks and not in our hands as they are consider as Acts of God. They can be: Winds, storms and cyclones Taking not into account the climatic conditions of the construction site. Floods and water induced damages GIFT sits at the banks of Substrata river. Insufficient consideration of the hydrological and meteorological conditions, lack of drainages and scarcity of diversion channels. Earthquakes Seismic in the area not taken into consideration. Ground subsidence and rock falls Lack of good egotistical study, pockets in deeper layers of ground, increase in 3.Risks related to project activities: Cost related risks Tight project schedule, client variation, price inflation of materials, government approvals formalities, dispute occurrence, inaccurate cost estimate and program scheduling. Time related risks Bureaucracy of government, high performance and quality expectations, incomplete approvals of documents. Quality related risks Unsuitable construction planning, variations in construction programs, defects in organism, unskillful and negligence. Environment related risk Low management consultancy, unavailability of environmentalists, noise, sound and air pollution.Safety related risks Scarcity of skilled labor, lack of coordination between project participants, order and cleanliness, unavailability of portable fire extinguishers, etc. So as a project manager I have identified what all risks are involved in construction of GIFT. Risk Management is a procedure of looking at various risks and determining how each should be treated. Tight project schedule is a significant risk related to the project delivery. As time and cost are always related to each other I will prepare a practical schedule allowing a sufficient time to accommodate all design and construction activities.I will establish a team to obtain approval from government a gencies and prepare project reports efficiently. For the design to be accurate and according to the requirements, I will ask the design team I. E. DEAD which is hired for design and development to understand the client's requirement and establish an effective communication plan. Involving the contractors and sub-contractors at early stage can minimize the inaccuracy. Ground testing, soil testing, bore hole and survey tit government agencies would be conducted to reduce unexpected risks.Lack of coordination between project participants leads to chaos and confusion among management teams. A skilled manager would be appointed to manage conflicts between team and program coordination. I would discuss with teams and negotiate with project managers for any design variations or problems in construction. The sub-contractors allocate their manpower to other projects and resources at the same time to maximize profit. So, the sub-contractor would be chosen in such a way that his manpower is de dicated to our only GIFT project so that there is no scarcity of Barbour and man force. Dry Patrick) Gujarat government forms a major role in this project. Maintaining close relationships with government agencies and local government makes the environment friendly and cordial from both the sides. Our project has the top-most officials involved from both the Gujarat government and from International Leasing & Financial Services Limited (IL). These government officials are from the department of Indian Administrative Services (AS). (2011) They affect the development of the project. To sum up, dealing and managing all the risks in our project (GIFT) would result in building a modern India and a world class infrastructure. . 0 Legal liabilities of GIFT: Every government project in India has to abide by the Indian government rules and regulations. GIFT is a mega project been built in Gujarat. It falls under the Jurisdiction of State Government of Gujarat. GIFT is implemented by GIFT whic h is a Joint venture company between the Government of Gujarat (GO) represented by GIG-CDC and Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Construction in India is prone to some form of conflicts and disputes resulting in litigation. Inefficient documentation and project management often results in disputes amongst developers, project manager and contractors.One problem with construction litigation in India is that it is time consuming and courts are not equipped to handle the technical issues emanating from construction contracts. There are various legal liabilities regarding the construction matters. L, as a project manager will take all these legal formalities into account and resolve them at the early stage to prevent delay in the project. Arbitration centre in India known as Construction Industry Arbitration Council (CIA)(2010) is set up by the Construction Industry Development Council, India (CDC) in co-operation with the Singapore International ArbitrationCentre (ASIA) for institutional mechanism for resolution of construction and infrastructure related disputes. So, as a project manager working with Gujarat International Financial Etc-city Limited, I with my full efforts and awareness would work in building this next generation world for our country, the first of its kind in India. 8. 0 References: (2010). (2011). â€Å"Construction Industry Arbitration Council (CIA). † From http://www. CIA. In/. ASSOCIATES. † from http://gift]art. In/gift/partners-advisors. Asps. â€Å"Management. † from http://gift]art. In/management/management. Asps.

Patrick Henry and Benjamin Franklin

Patrick Henry and Benjamin Franklin both knew that success sometimes requires persistence along with compromise. Compromise is defined by The Oxford Dictionary as an agreement or a settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions. By using this definition and analyzing these speeches, it is obvious to readers that both politicians were willing to make compromises. There are however many differences as to the extent and what type of concessions these gentlemen were willing to make.The Second Virginia Convention met March 20, 1775 inland at Richmond–in what is now called St. John's Church. This is where Delegate Patrick Henry presented resolutions to raise a militia, and to furthermore put Virginia in a posture of defense. Henry Basically says in his speech that the colonists have tried to compromise already and it has had no effect.â€Å"Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament.†(Henry102) By reading this statement, Henry’s feelings are fairly obvious. While he believes that other routes should be taken first, the colonists now have no other choice. By analyzing this closer, it is apparent that Henry believes in compromise, but there is a very thin line on where it is time to push forward.â€Å"I have experienced many instances of being obliged, by better information or fuller consideration, to change my opinions even on important subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise.† (Franklin105) Benjamin Franklin’s opinion of opinions. What this statement shows, is a form of compromise. A change of opinion on an important subject because of the influence of another, is a form of compromise. Franklin admits in the  very beginning of his Speech that he is very apt to do so.When we compare Henry and Franklin together, a few similarities are shown. There are however a lot of differences. One of the main things that has to be taken into consideration here, is the fact that these politicians are speaking at two different times in America’s history. If Franklin would have been speaking before the revolution occurred, he most likely would have been a lot more persistent and not wanting to compromise nearly as much. On the flip side, if Henry would have been speaking post-American revolution, he most likely would have been quite a bit more lax and not as prominent about the issue.Because of the change of opinions due to different circumstances, it is nearly impossible to compare these to politician’s views based upon these speeches. If they are analyzed closely enough, however, it is seen that they both view compromise as a necessity. The real question is, how far are they willing to take it?

FINANCIAL CRISIS, HOME MORTGAGES, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL Case Study - 1

FINANCIAL CRISIS, HOME MORTGAGES, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, MORAL HAZARD, ADVERSE SELECTIONS, - Case Study Example Securitization can be considered as a disruptive innovation as it drove the world economy into an all-time debauched predicament whose shattering effects are still felt to-date in America and the world over (Driffill, 2013). Securitization is a financial engineering practice where financial institutions create a pool of assets, including mortgages and loans, and resell the repackaged assets to investors who takes responsibility of the assets thereafter (Bertaut & National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011). The mushrooming of securitization saw the emergence of asset-backed security (ABS) as a common type of mortgage-backed security (MBS) and a structured investment vehicle (SIVs) which become a driving force in the financial crisis by empowering banking institutions to possess superfluous capital which could be given out as loans to prospective homeowners without clear ascertainment of their credit worthiness (Glaeser,  E.  L., & Sinai, 2013; Farmer, 2010). Eric (2010) asserts that MBS was flavored by apportioning between agency MBS, and non-agency MBS. The agency MBS were insured by the government thus resulting to no real credit risk to the investors a factor that made it effective for many organizations to offer mortgage loans to mortgage loan seekers who later painfully defaulted the loans (Manoj, 2010). Apparently, securitization endorsed the disintegration of risks. Investors and mortgage seekers could gravitate towards investments or transactions that best met their reward or risk preferences. This was consequentially backed by securitization which transformed the mortgage market to a lascivious condition. It transferred possession of mortgages from lenders to investment banks and non-bank financial institutions (Batten & Szilagyi, 2011). Noteworthy, the mortgage owners were well acquainted with information pertaining to their borrowers default probability, but securitization bestowed the obligation of offering loans on investment banks

Americana Group Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Americana Group - Research Paper Example Marketing Analysis Marketing environment analysis Marketing environment has major influence on a business. Trend in marketing environment is one of the most important factors to consider for a business or marketer. There are some important factors of marketing environment of business. These are political, economical, social and technological. So, detailed analysis of each of these environmental factors is needed to assess the current overview of marketing environment of Americana Group. Marketing environment has major influence on American group and changes of each of these areas leads to change in the strategic decision with respect to marketing of the products and brands operated by the company in Middle East and North Africa region. Therefore, PEST analysis would provide detailed overview of this market. Political Factors American Group deals with the franchisee business of leading international restaurant chains and manufacturing consumer food products. Generally, political and g overnmental factors impact on food business in any country in a higher extent because food business deals with the most important needs of human beings. This business also has higher risk with respect to hygiene factor. Governments of Middle East countries have several food policies applicable for food businesses and they need to strictly adhere to policies. Apart from the specific food policy, there are several rules and regulations imposed by different countries for domestic as well international business. It is very important for any company operates in this market to comply all concerned rules and regulations of different governmental agencies for successful operation of business... The paper stresses that the company needs to buy stake of the foreign businesses or make partnership with the foreign franchise holders of leading food brands like KFC, Pizza Hut etc to enter into target market. Then it should do partnership business for limited period of time to understand the market potential and the consumption trend of the customers of those businesses. Finally, the company can select the best potential market among the targeted markets and start both manufacturing and selling their own products along with the franchisee business. This would be the best cost effective strategy for the company to diversify into foreign markets. Risk of foreign investment would be minimized through this market testing strategy. Development of effective marketing strategy is also very essential with new product development. So, it needs to invest good amount for promotion of each of new product development. The company can also redesign its old products and introduce them with the n ew product. it can push a new product with the existing popular product line up to minimize the risk of lower demand. This report makes a conclusion that market development strategy will help the company to boost its product development strategy through new product launch in a new market. Economies of scale will also increase through new product launch in the existing market as cost of production and cost of promotion will not much increase. Therefore, both the strategies will be most beneficial for future growth of Americana Group.

Environmental Impact Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Environmental Impact Analysis - Essay Example The assignment focuses on the environmental impacts of mobile phone components, its usage, and disposal phenomena. This paper entails the description of the various metal, nonmetal and chemical compound components used in the manufacturing of mobile phones. It discusses the consumer practice of use, manufacturers’ practice of expanding the technology, and societal concerns pertaining to mobile phone usage and the corresponding effects on human health and environmental sustainability. The assignment also delineates how the mobile phone technology is emerging as an ever budding global electronic waste. Broadly the context of this paper concentrates on the issues concerned with mobile phone technology and its hazardous effects questionable to the environmental sustainability. This assignment at the end of the paper concludes with appropriate recommendations to the regulatory lobby across the world, the telecommunication sector, the health sector, and the global individual busines s practitioners and consumers. The term exposure throughout the assignment refers to long term exposure of radiations and mobile phone use up to 10 years. Overview of the Environmental Impact of the Mobile Phone Technology This section of the assignment discusses the overall positive and negative environmental impact of mobile phone technology; which is by and large transferred to the economic, social and environment of the world through the global consumption of this technology. The following points discuss the positive aspects of mobile phone technology. Mobile technology is the fusion of the widespread information technology and the growing network of telecommunication. It has been observed and accepted globally that the mobile phone technology has contributed a lot to the contemporary business community by revolutionizing the inter-organizational communication and information flow; which directly transfers economic benefit to the world. It has conferred benefit to the individual consumers across the world by making the communication inexpensive and affordable amongst users. This has induced and escalated the demand for mobile consumption and usage across the world even in emerging markets and developing nations (Challis, 2001). The ease of access to communication through mobile phone technology has contributed very much to the different social issues concerned with reach and contact to health and civic services, especially in emergent situations. The growing demand of mobile technology expanded the manufacturing facilities across the world which increased employment opportunities for individuals that indirectly enhances the social value and promotes economic quality of life. Social importance of mobile phone technology is that it has revolutionized the ease of instant global contact anytime, anywhere and everywhere; which has reinforced family bonds and relationships (Dimonte & Ricchiuto, 2006). The contemporary mobile phone technology converge diverse app lications of camera, internet, social networking, gaming, global positioning, information sharing, learning, selling/purchasing, etc. into a single mobile device which is known as a smart phone. This has increased the perceived quality of and consequent consumption of mobile phones. These smart phones have given a new direction to the consumption patterns and the resulting consumer behavior in terms of their

Affirmative action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affirmative action - Research Paper Example its volatile history of 48 years, affirmative action has been both appreciated for better economic opportunities to minorities and scorned at for injustice to the majority community in the name of compensating minorities. The term â€Å"Affirmative Action† was first used by President Kennedy in 1961 for correcting discrimination that prevailed although civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees were in force. The issue resurfaced in a major way in 2003 when the Supreme Court awarded a decision related to affirmative action in universities permitting education institutions to factor race in admissions not to be used mechanically and conservatively. The decision of the highest court has been applauded by one and all. We just cannot ignore the importance of such actions as they impact the whole fabric of society and international community (Brunner, Affirmative Action History). Let’s analyze the contents of the court ruling and identify the issues at stake. The ruling allowed race to be used a criterion to decide university admissions but there was a very thin line of difference in the judges’ opinion on not taking the benefit seamlessly. In two different but parallel cases, Grutter v. Bollinger (case no. 02-0241) involving the University of Michigans law school, the judges voted 5-4 to continue the University of Michigan’s law school affirmative action policy, which advocates minorities cause; and Gratz v. Bollinger (no. 02-0516) involving the undergraduate program, wherein the judges voted 6-3 to expunge the affirmative action policy for undergraduate admissions by giving 20 points to blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans on an admissions rating scale (CNN, 2003). In the case of Grutter v. Bollinger of the university law school wherein Barbara Grutter, a white, couldn’t get admission in 1996 because African-Americans and ethnic minorities had the benefit of point system over the white. In the other case, the court decided against the policy of giving

Societal Forces Affecting Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Societal Forces Affecting Science - Essay Example Half were given an application from a â€Å"male† applicant. The other half were given the identical application, from a â€Å"female†. The allegedly female applicant was consistently marked as a less competent and less likely candidates than were the allegedly male applicants (Yuriewicz). Thus, gender bias definitely exists in the scientific community, and it blocks equality of opportunity (Yuriewicz). Masculine bias would obviously shape the field of science significantly. The findings strongly indicated that female scientists also rated male applicants as more competent and more likely candidates (Yuriewicz). This indicates that the bias in those who pride themselves on objectivity is sub-conscious, and unquestioned. This effect can and should be minimized through gender bias awareness training, and through a more objective applicant screening process, one carried out by a computer program, for example. A positive influence bias in science is the strong bias for journal publication and citation search indexes to include only English research articles (Granda-Orive, Solano-Reina and Jimenez-Ruiz 104). There is a negative influence, in that language, not quality, positions papers to be cited and quoted (104). Yet, there is a positive influence in that language and thought are closely intertwined, and it is beneficial to the advancement of scientific knowledge for there to be a global base from which to theorize. Replication is part of the scientific method, so common language brings common understanding and a common framework within which to communicate. The negative effect can and should be minimized by maintaining a citation database for non-English papers, but the positive influence of this bias outweighs the negative impact, and should be

Themes The suffering body by compare the work 2 artist Louise Essay

Themes The suffering body by compare the work 2 artist Louise Bourgeois and Francis Bacon in different and similar approach under the theme of Suffering Bo - Essay Example Artists such as Louise Bourgeois and Francis Bacon (listed in their fields respectively) recognize and accept these changes and interpret them in their artworks. Art began around 15 000 BC, often favouring drawing over colour in forms such as cave paintings. There have been changes from emphasis on geometrical shapes such as mosaics and arches, religious and gothic-based, in which art evolved from it's two dimensions and was practised in sculpture format, the Victorian and art Nouveau-influenced craft movements in which art became decoration through to Dada in which the art was taken off the canvas - new materials and exhibiting practises were used to encourage stronger responses from the audience. Subject matter had changed from communicative, to aesthetic, to political, social and emotional. Dada was the jump-off point for performance art. The origin is said to be found in 1917 in Zurich, where several notable Dadaists, spoke nonsensical words to complement nonsense acts to protest the Great War and the importance f art in general: "...No more cute art in frames, no more static art that only makes the Philistines richer." An integral part f the ritual f performance art is it's ephemerality - it is not static like most artworks. After it is finished nothing will be the same again and nothing is left. Performance art is described as unprecedented and because f its originality, it is difficult to censor. It is very relevant to its time because f the short period f time needed between the process f conception and performance and political, social and philosophical views can be explored in-depth such as in the 1970's and in the 1980's in which "Queer Theatre" was founded in which homosexual issues were dealt with. It occupies an environment with specific objects and actions for a specific amount f time and because f the brevity and intent f the artwork, everything present has a meaning. Performance art also brings another change to the world f the artwork - the role f the audience. It is made to be watched and experienced in the moment specifically for those who witness it, therefore, the audience has a much more integral part. As the audience is generally small, there can be much interaction between them and the artist and the experience is much more direct and the message is more vigorously felt because f the proximity and actuality f the piece. What happens on stage can affect the audience and the artist more directly views their response. The audience can be loud, angry or irritating and what the audience does can affect the actors on stage unlike with other fixed artworks, whatever the audience does, (aside from vandalising it) the artwork will not change. Louise Bourgeois is a forerunner in performance art. His performance works are often structured around the confines f the artist's own body and often have a deeply impacting affect upon his audiences because f their graphically disturbing nature. For example, in 1977, he created the illusion f cutting off one f his arms with a small axe after stuffing meat into a shirtsleeve fitted with a prosthetic hand. In 2000 he impounded himself in a small cell-like confinement, without

Journal Entries and Comparisons to Semester II Domains of Study Coursework

Journal Entries and Comparisons to Semester II Domains of Study - Coursework Example This would potentially ensure huge savings in time for the Company as well as a more efficient informational process for the Company, through a much more efficient execution of the leadership process in so far as communication is concerned. I also discovered this when communication issues cropped up during the execution of our Power Point project. The problem here was the breakdown in communications, so that members of the team did not have the information that they needed to integrate their efforts harmoniously with the other members of the team. This illustrates how the objective of working towards a common goal could have been improved if one of us has assumed the leadership role at first and during the initial meeting, established what information each member of the group would communicate to the others, as well as the frequency of that communication. In the absence of a leader and a well developed policy on communication, we faced problems in coordinating our efforts. The four c ore aspects that a good manager must take into consideration in managing his team members effectively are as follows: (a) select a person (b) set expectations (c) motivate the person and (d) develop the person (Buckingham and Curt, 1999). Good leadership constitutes the modification and adaptation of these aspects, for instance by selecting someone for talent not just for experience, intelligence or determination; while setting expectations, focusing only on the outcome rather than the method, while motivating, focusing on strengths rather than weaknesses and when developing the person, finding the right fit rather than merely pushing up the rungs of the ladder. I found this to be true in the management of my program for teen mothers; for example this program has helped to identify and motivate youngsters who were previously uninterested in work. By focusing on outcomes, as I did during my visit to the hospital with Amber, I was able to demonstrate to her – without a word bei ng said – the reality of being a mother and it may have also motivated her to work harder at her job because of the realisation that she needed to earn money for the huge investments that would be required in raising the child. It also produced a positive motivation because it focused upon identifying her strengths as a potential mother rather than seeing her pregnancy as a potential weakness that needed to be overcome. In the context of hiring employees, Lawler (2003) has pointed the example of Southwest Airlines, which bases its hiring decisions on a realistic preview, making its employees tell jokes and make announcements, thereby simulating the actual job environment that employees will encounter. When I took Amber with me into the wards, I was exposing her in a similar manner to what she would be exposed to after giving birth, thereby providing me with a good estimation of how she was likely to react. In a similar way, when I got the insurance company involved in dealing with Rick’s recovery after he was moved out of the ICU, I met Mrs McDonnel from the insurance company, who was the most professional, organized woman I had ever met. This woman was a typical example of good hiring by her employers, in accordance with the policy practiced by

The Malayan Emergency as seen through the eyes of a British soldier Essay

The Malayan Emergency as seen through the eyes of a British soldier - Essay Example They had just built camp, a temporary shelter for the troops and to make it habitable in the midst of the rubber plantation and coconut plantation. Insurgency was active with a band commanded by one Ming Lee. It was their job to neutralize the insurgents and win back the confidence and cooperation of the local community. The entire operation was composed of prongs. First, they were to conduct patrols in all the estates and villages under the battalion’s jurisdiction. They had to surprise the people in the villages, expecting they might encounter CT disguised as villagers. They had to show to the people that they were the authorities and that the CT was the enemy who was trying to destroy the peace and introduce their communist ideology. Patrols helped as General Templer’s strategy of winning the hearts and minds of the people, to convince them to withdraw their support of Communism, and to enlist their cooperation in ending the Emergency. Ming Lee, the elusive insurgent leader could not be easily caught or defeated, and he and his men were always out there having the support from the community, and convincing the people to support their communist ideology. (Miers 144) Apart from continuous patrols in the villages and in the swampy areas where the CT were usually seen getting their daily sustenance from the village folks, the British soldiers were also to execute prong number 2, which was to interrupt the CT food supplies. This required a well planned operation that needed all the support they could get from the inside and outside of their battalion. Prong number 3 consisted of acquiring the services of an informer who could help in neutralizing or killing the CT and its leader. Cutting the CT food supply was one of the strategies as mentioned in General Templer’s strategy and applied by Miers and his battalion. In doing this, they had to identify how Ming Lee and his people were getting their food. The British

Three Novels Essay Example for Free

Three Novels Essay Central to the rising action, falling action, and climax of any short story is linked directly to the protagonist. Therefore, the protagonists key features and experiences push the plot and action of the novel forward. It is this literary elements which lead to the eventual emotional growth of the character, his circumstances, and the denouement of the novel. Theme, structure and social characteristics are the literary elements, which highlight the spiritual growth of the main characters in â€Å"My Name is Asher Lev†, â€Å"Emma† and â€Å"Huckleberry Finn†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each of these three novels about moral maturation and the growth of self-awareness, â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, whose protagonist is Huckleberry Finn, Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma†, named after the protagonist and â€Å"My Name is Asher Lev† by Chaim Potok, whose main character is Asher Lev. Notably, the authors necessarily indicate the protagonists’ names in the titles, underlining their moral and psychological development as a central plotline. The literary elements of theme, structure and protagonist’s social characteristics actually strengthen the reader’s understanding of the character’s spiritual growth: Lev’s novel demonstrates’ the protagonist’s liberation from the community bonds through the lens of the theme of social pressure, Twain’s writing – the progress of Huck’s humanistic views underlining the theme of slavery, Austen’s work – Emma’s psychological maturation, through prioritizing the theme of marriage, moreover, all works by their structure provide the mistakes made by the protagonists on their path and thus make clear to the reader that development is not a smooth and gradual process, whereas the change or stability of sociological characteristics pay reader’s attention either to the connection between self-awareness and social position or to the purely inner revolution. The characters actually perfect very distinct aspects of self awareness: Emma, for instance, overgrows the selfish and infantile girl, whose main interest is manipulating the others’ fates (as she appears at the beginning), Asher Lev realizes that he is actually an independent personality rather than the subject of the Hassidic community after being judged for depicting the his mother’s anguish, whereas Huckleberry Finn, who has never considered carefully the issue of racial equality, begins to realize his humanistic views and oppose the oppression of slaves and the split of their families. Due to the fact that the major theme in â€Å"My Name is Asher Lev† is community bonds and the conflict itself develops in terms of the weakening of the commitment to the groups of Hassids the protagonist, who is a bright and unique individuality, should ascend over the blind observance of community tradition and learn to distinguish himself from the group. Therefore, his development is associated with individuation and learning of his ego and the religious conflict results in the development of Asher’s ability to assert his self: â€Å"So it is time for the defense, for a long session in demythology. But I will not apologize. It is absurd to apologize for a mystery†(Potok, 1960). Asher displays his maturity and understands the difference between what he can explain and what he can not. The conflict in Asher is that there is disconnected between his art and the god he worships.   The internal conflict is resolved at the end of the novel through Ashers emotional development.   Asher grows and matures which enables Asher to make the appropriate choice between the two.   Asher is able to release his emotions by creating art.   He learns to understand how this art reflects him and what it truly means. This insight he lacked at the begining of the novel, however in the final chapters he displays his newly found maturity. A pivotal moment is when Asher moves into his aparment.   He states Away from my world, alone in an apartment that offered me neither memories nor roots, I began to find old and distant memories of my own, long buried by pain and time and slowly brought to the surface now. Now I would have to paint the street that could not be seen. He is able to confront his past and make sense of it. He begins to see himself as situated within that community in a unique way, but still as a part of it. The theme of marriage as the leading one in â€Å"Emma† is also related to the main character’s development: whereas at first, Emma views marriage as a game, popular in her environment, she is still not infantile to understand that this specific type of partnership is based necessarily on strong affection after developing the feelings for her brother-in-law; whereas at the beginning she has fear for the responsibility associated with marriage. Emma is always stating she does not want to get married.   However, when her close friend becomes interested in a man, Emma feels her feelings begin to stir.   Emma realizes Mr. Knightley is the man she wants to spend the rest of her life with. She is only happy around him.   This is a pivotal moment because previously she hated the idea of marriage.   Love, while central to conflict in the strong, is what reveals Emmas true desires from life.   Emma reflect Emma realizes that she had indeed not been a friend to Harriet, as Mr. Knightley had said.   She realizes how foolish it was of her to try to meddle in other peoples romantic affairs when she did not even realize her own feelings for Mr. Knightley.   She now knows that she should not interfer in other peoples affairs and that she has the capacity to love. The theme of slavery also supports the reader’s understanding of the young protagonist’s moral growth in â€Å"Huckleberry Finn†: â€Å"I’m low down; and I’m a-going to steal him† (Twain, 1999, Ch. 33); as one can understand, Huck no longer views Jim as property, but in order to persuade Tom, he recognizes his own inclination to wrongdoing and takes entire responsibility for the stealing the slave. Finn, at the begining of the story, is a young boy.   He is the productive of his environment and the time he lives in.    He holds the same prejudices that the adult around him hold.   However, his experiences with Jim, on the river, forever change him.   These experiences change the way that Finn sees the world, and slavery.   Finn reflects on slavery in the following way Well, it made me sick to see it; and I was sorry for them poor pitiful rascals, it seemed like I couldnt ever feel any hardness against them any more in the world. It was a dreadful thing to see. Human beings can be awful cruel to one another.   Finn realizes that just because people around him are cruel does not make it right.   He makes the choice that slavery is wrong and he will not treat Jim the way society tells him he should be treated. The structure of the stories is generally similar: the greatest part of the plot is dedicated to depicting the behavioral imperfections of the protagonist, so that the reader can feel the protagonist is an ordinary person, whose growth is based upon his/her own mistakes. For instance, â€Å"Emma† at first depicts an arrogant and class-conscious girl saying â€Å"The yeomanry are precisely the order of people with whom I feel I can have nothing to do† (Austen, 2001, Vol.1 Ch.4) and throughout the first two parts she acts as a quarrelsome person, whereas her later reasoning can be characterized as wiser: â€Å"I think Harriet is doing extremely well â€Å"(Austen, 2001, Vol. 3, Ch. 28), i.e. she approves of her best friend’ marriage to the farmer, having got the idea of love and letting it in. Beyond mistakes, Potok’s and Twain’s protagonists also encounter difficulties and adversities, which shape their outlooks; for instance, Lev’s story can be divided into three parts (Walden, 1985): period of the teenage conflict with the environment, movement toward the goal in Kahn’s studio and the resolution of the conflict and individuation (Potok, 1972). Huck’s moral development is less gradual and actually consists of several insights: 1) first encounter with Jim as a fugitive slave and the initial desire to help him; 2) The loss of the companion after meeting the â€Å"aristocrats† and Jim’s imprisonment in Phelpses’ house. Finally, social characteristics of the protagonists are quite expressive themselves and point actually to the qualities to be changed. For instance, Emma is introduced as a girl with a degree of self-importance and class-based prejudice because of her upper class identity, but later she begins to understand her friend Harriet in her love for Martin and thus grows more open-minded; furthermore, her maturation is accompanied by the change of social characteristics, as Emma accepts Knightley’s proposition Huck Finn’s social characteristics remain practically the same, as the author seeks to maintain the reader’s focus on the advancement of his moral qualities, so that the adolescent still remains to some extent uncommitted to social norms â€Å"Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it† (Twain 1999, Ch. 43), in spite of having developed his distinct attitude towards slavery. Asher Lev, in turn, drastically changes his social identity: the growth of his self-awareness and self-identity result in his alienation and separation from the community. The reader’s understanding of the protagonist’s path toward self-awareness is to great extent manipulated by the authors: Jane Austen, Chaim Potok and Mark Twain design the plot structure, which underlines the failures and subsequent insights of the protagonist, embed the central theme into the main character’s spiritual growth and substantially change the protagonist’s social features, except Huck’s case, in which the focus on morality shift is broadened through remaining social characteristics stable. References Austen, Jane.   Emma.  Ed. James Kinsley.  New York: Oxford UP, 1998. Twain, Mark.   Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.   Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2004. Potok, Chaim. The Chosen. New York: Fawcett Crest, 1967. My Name Is Asher Lev.  Ã‚   New York: Ballentine Books, 1990.

Learning Irregular Verbs In English

Learning Irregular Verbs In English INTRODUCTION The present report contains the results of the investigation carried out at Higà ¼erito Basic School. It is evident that the goal of grammar instruction is to enable students to carry out their communication, Purposes, thereby getting involved with all those difficulties students have had for years to learn and use irregular verbs is highly important for teachers of English as a foreign Language. This Research has three Different Chapters: Chapter I, Presents the historical context of the Educational Center, it shows the External or geographic aspects of Higà ¼erito Basic School, There ´s an analysis of the Socio Economic and cultural characteristics of the Educational Center, In addition the philosophy of Higà ¼erito Basic School. The second chapter of this investigation states the difficulties in Learning Irregular verbs which is the basis of this research, It is analyzed here different aspects and methods of teaching irregular verbs such as; Infinitives matching and grouping, presentation, infinitives, unfamiliarity with infinitives, infinitives matching, The present continuous tense as matter of priority, categorization of irregular verbs and some strategies to teach irregular verbs. Chapter III, Is where the result of the investigation is presented. Firstly this chapter shows the results of the interview directed to the English teachers of Higà ¼erito Basic School and the results of the survey applied to the students of this Educational Center. JUSTIFICATION Teachers are always trying to find new and easily comprehensible ways to teach different parts of grammar, especially for the challenge that teaching irregular verbs represents. It hasnt been easy to deal with irregular verbs or make students understand how to use them. We felt motivated to investigate about it, because as English students we have also had difficulties with the acquisition and usage of irregular verbs. It is highly important to have all kind of information about the process of teaching irregular verbs, because we are thoroughly sure that as future English professionals will need to use them in a current conversation or in the classroom. This research will not only be important for us, it will also be important for those readers who share the benefits of the results of this investigation. The advantages of overcoming the difficulties that most teachers and students have with irregular verbs will contribute to improve the teaching and learning process that so far has been obstructed. METHODOLOGY This investigation was documentary and it was carried out in the field too, considering these, and the best and ideal ways to obtain excellent results and to count with the correct tools to understand the target problem of this research. In this investigation were used the descriptive and analytical methods, this report starts with a problem that is affecting most of the schools of our country in order to analyze a particular situation that is happening in Higà ¼erito Basic in San Juan de la Maguana Dom. Rep. All the possible elements that concern to this research were summarized and the results of the analysis were summarized. For more credibility and trying to give a realistic out look to Different sources were analyzed: Research, Books, on line technology and surveys at Higà ¼erito Basic School; teachers and students were interviewed CHAPTER I: CHAPTER I GENERAL CHARACTERICTISC OF THE HIGUERITO BASIC SCHOOL 1.1- Historical context of the Educative center. 1.2 External or Geographic Aspects 1.2.1- Socio Economic and Cultural Characteristics of the Center. 1.3 Internal Characteristics of the School 1.3.1 Description of the infrastructure. 1.3.2 Philosophy of the Educative Center. 1.3.3- Strengths and weaknesses of Higà ¼erito Basic School. 1.3.4- Problems of the Educative Center. 1.3.5- Statistics of Higà ¼erito Basic School CHAPTER I General Characteristics of Higà ¼erito Basic school This chapter I presents important information concerning to the historical context of the Educational Center, the Geographical location of Higà ¼erito Basic School, The Socio Economic and Cultural Characteristics of the Sector; This chapter also presents the internal characteristics of the school, it focuses the infrastructure; In addition it presents the philosophy of the Educational Center, the Strengths and weaknesses of Higà ¼erito basic school whereas the problems of the Educational Center and the Statistics of Higà ¼erito basic School. I. I. Historical context of the Educational Center. The first pavilion of the school was made of wood in 1953, by this time the principal was Mrs. Batida Ruiz, later they built three more classrooms, and three more teachers were hired. In 1970 teacher Ana Isolina de la Cruz was in charge of the school, in 1970 there was a staff of 2o teachers. Under Mrs. De la Cruz administration a second pavilion was built in 1982. Finally in 2001 Higà ¼erito Basic School was managed by Lida. Francisca Mirella Rodriquez. 1.2 Geographical Location of the Higà ¼erito Basic School This Urban School Belongs to Region 02 District 02-06. It is located in the Northern part of the city at 151 Anacaona Avenue in San Juan de la Maguana Dominican Republic. In the northern part of Higà ¼erito Basic School theres a neighborhood called, project 20 of the Ensanche Anacaona. South of the school theres a belt way Better Known as Circumvallation San Juan Bautista. East of the school, its located the Fire Fighter building and to the west La Altagracia Neighborhood. 1.2.1- Socio Economic and Cultural Characteristics of the sector. To talk about the Educational preparation of the, or background of the people, who live in this area it is necessary to present this topic focusing on the different sectors that are surrounding the educational center. The people, who live in the Eastern part of the school, are teachers, some of them are working and others are retired. Those people who live north of the school have an average level of education, most of the students that attend this school belong to this area, and they come from humble homes lots of economic adversities. San Juan de la Maguana is well known as El Granero del Sur, for its grain production, there by most of these people income depends on agriculture this activity is the economic support of the citizens, all around this educational center there are, some liquor stores. Concerning to cultural aspects, it is well known that every educational center that provides any kind of service to the community has its own beliefs and culture, which is well identified in students behavior. San Juan owns a rich culture with multiple traditions such as saint patrons party, in honor of John the Baptist. These parties are celebrated from June 15th to June 24th each year. This belief is part of every child and it is part of the school and the community. The school participates in all the activities promoted by different institutions of the community. 1.3- Description of the Infrastructure of the Higà ¼erito Basic School. The infrastructure of Higà ¼erito basic school looks in good conditions, Nowadays the School is made of blocks. It has 17 classrooms, Higà ¼erito School has an area of 466, 43 Mts. And each classroom measures 5.29mts. And 6.44 mts. There are only two bathrooms for the students which are not enough for the amount of pupils. The furnitures are not in good conditions, they need to be fixed. In the inside part of the school it could be observed certain amount of garbage in the yard and in the halls. There is a bad smell that comes out of the bathrooms this situation is affecting the students health. 1.3.1 Internal Characteristics of Higà ¼erito Basic School At present this School is been managed by a principal, for a better management it also has a procedures Staff, a cooperative team and a pedagogic team pretending to guarantee the application of the contents proposed by the curriculum. 1.3.2 Philosophy of the educative Center The project of Center of Higà ¼erito Basic School States the vision and mission of this school, it pretends to guarantee the preparation of all of the students increasing the reinvestment of values, attitudes and talents, making of those teenagers competent people. With the effort of dedicated teachers and following the guidance of the curriculum the image and the prestige of the school is going up. Some important values that make part of this school priority are: dignity, love, solidarity, discipline, responsibility, respect, collaboration, empathy, partnership, faith, honesty, creativity, humbleness, hygiene and sincerity. 1.3.3 Strengths and weaknesses of Higà ¼erito Basic School. According to the information compiled from the project of center this school, it may be quoted the following strengths: The teachers who come to this school are qualified teachers, willing to work with a high spirit of compromise, responsibility and desire to improve. The school is located away from disturbing places in benefit of those who take classes in this Educative Center. This Educative center contemplates as weaknesses: Lack of Library equipment, counseling Department, equipment and adequate school supplies. 1.3.4 Problems of the educative center The problems that are quoted in the project of center of this school are : indiscipline in the classroom, the student have reading problems, The process of teaching technical areas has become one of the biggest problems of the school because those technical areas as English and French require experienced teachers and this school doesnt have these teachers yet. CHAPTER II Difficulties in Learning Irregular Verbs 2.1 Difficulties Learning Irregular verbs. 2.1.1 Infinitives Matching and grouping. 2.1.2 Presentation, practice, production. 2.1.3 Unfamiliarity with infinitives 2.1.4 Infinitives matching. 2.1.5 The present continuous tense as matter of priority. 2.1.6 Categorization of irregular verbs. 2.1.7 Database making and strategies to teach irregular verbs. THE Difficulties in Learning Irregular verbs The chapter II of This research is based on the analysis of the difficulties in learning irregular verbs, here it is presented the infinitive matching and grouping activities and some methods such as presentation, practice and production, it is also treated here the unfamiliarity with infinitives, infinitive matching, the present continuous tense as a matter of priority as well as the categorization of irregular verbs and some strategies to teach irregular verbs. 2.1 Difficulties Learning Irregular Verbs. For learner of English, irregular verbs represent one of the most difficult aspects of the language. Normally because they are presented in the form of alphabetical lists. Never take into account the actual occurrence of these verbs. Irregular verbs haunt learners of English from the beginning to the end of their studies. Teachers are always trying to find new and easily comprehensible ways to teach different parts of grammar. The past tens and the perfective aspect on the verb are two rather difficult areas for ESL Learners all over the world. ESL Learners usually try several hypotheses before they can handle the past tense confidently. Especially, the irregular past poses problems for learners. If they could be organized in a morphonemic classification, to make it easier for the learners to create file/ folders that they can easily accommodate them in their learning process, and if the learning load can be reduced thereby, learners can grasp and remember them better and faster. In English, majority of the verbs go through 4 forms, with an exception of modal auxiliary verbs. These forms are: 2 tense forms and 2 aspects for The verbs in English behave in four different ways in the past tense: I. There is a regular past tense form: 2. There is an irregular past tense form wherein it takes any shape, which is not easily predicted. 3. There is a vowel change past tense form in which on vowel in the verb changes to form the past tense, while the rest of the verb shape remains the same. 4. There is a no change past tense form wherein the verb remains as it is. The irregular verbs have hardly any resemblance with the original form of the verbs and therefore their past form is unpredictable. 2.1.1 Infinitives matching and grouping The students are encouraged to match and group infinitives in a logical way. Hence, when they star dealing with the past simple tense, they have become familiar with the infinitives, so the primary barrier is eliminated. The list of irregular verbs with all three forms is then cat into pieces and the students are asked to categorize the irregular verbs on the basis of resemblance. This proceeds from a classification of irregular verbs as stated in a comprehensive grammar of the English language. The students are encouraged to create their own positive negative compound sentences, which they can as the fourth step- develop in stories. The fifth step is fixing phase, during which the students organize and reorganize the irregular verbs depending on how familiar the students are with them having learnt the infinitive, past and past- participle forms by heart, however, the students are found unable to recognize any of the forms if written in English, there is a method elaborated by: Jeremy Harmer, consists of the following elements: Engage, Study, Activate. In the engage phase, the teacher s effort is to awake the students interest, arouse their curiosity, and engage their emotions, employing numerous means, such as games, pictures, audio or video recordings, or dramatic stories. Most of us can remember lessons at school which were uninvolving and where we, switched off from what was being taught. We may also remember lessons where we were more or less paying attention, but where we were not really hooked. We were not engaged emotionally with what was going on; we were not curious, passionate or involved. Yet things are learnt much better if both our minds and our hearts are brought into service. Engagement of this type is one of the vital ingredients for successful learning. ¨ Harmer, (200:52). Hence, instead of being passively taught the infinitives of irregular verbs, students are encourage to play with them, in the activate phase, those exercises and activities are comprised, which gave been designed to make students use the language communicatively. The students are discouraged to focus on the language construction or practice of its particular patterns. On the contrary, the activities are to help the students to use their full language knowledge in the selected situation or task. The objective in the activate phase is, to use all and any language which may be appropriate for a given situation or topic. In this way students get a chance to try out real language use with little or no restriction, a kind of rehearsal for the real life. Story making is an activity typically employed within the activate phase. The students are assigned to create a story, being allowed to use limited or unlimited group of vocabulary. 2.1.2 Presentation, practice, production. This is a widely spread approach, in terms of which the teacher present the language and then encourages the student to practice it at first by means of highly controlled activities the p.p.p model is employed efficiently when most isolated grammatical items are being dealt with. From the teachers point of view, it is highly favorable since it allows the teacher to time each stage of the lesson fairly accurately and anticipate and solve the possible problems the students may encounter. 2.1.3 Unfamiliarity with Infinitives According to the structure of a elementary English course, students are expected to acquire the principles of the past simple tense and past forms of numerous irregular verbs, one difficulty the have is that the encounter approximately one hundred verbs fewer than half of which are irregular for example. Buy, come, cost, do, draw, drink, drive, eat, fall, find, fly, get, give, go, have, hear, know, leave, make, mean, meet, put, read, ring, run, say, see, sing, sit, sleep, speak, spend, stand, swim, take, tell, think, understand, wear, write. Then the biggest problem the students have is that they are not given enough opportunities to get familiar with them. When they have managed to learn the infinitives of hardly twenty irregular verbs, the students are confronted with both a new grammatical phenomenon the principles of making the past simp0le tense, and a flood of irregular verbs. They become showered with the infinitives and past forms of so many new irregular verbs that they star t drawing, losing their motivation 2.1.4 Infinitives Matching. Its a teaching aid that consists in encouraging students to match and group infinitives in a way which they find logical. This method is of double benefit to the students. First it makes the infinitives easy to remember, and secondly, it forces the student to enrich their vocabulary by looking up synonyms to the given verbs. Vocabulary cannot be taught. It can be presented, explained, included in all kind of activities, and experienced in all manner of associations, but ultimately it is learned by the individual. Language teachers must arouse interest in words and a certain excitement in personal development in this area. Teachers must help the students by giving them ideas on how to learn, but each will finally learn a very personal selection of items, organized into relationships in a individual way (1983). Wilga Rivers. 2.1.5 The present continuous tense as a matter of priority Dealing with the present continuous tense before starting to do the past simple one is another way how to imprint on students memory as many infinitives of irregular verbs as possible, before confronting the principles of making and using of the present continuous tense is considerably easier than the past simple. Describing various pictures, a method typically applied when teaching present continuous, encourages students to look up a considerable number of verbs in a dictionary. This method. By choosing appropriate pictures, the teacher can give the students the right direction towards irregular verbs without the students realizing that they are being controlled. Successful language learning in a classroom depends on a judicious blend of subconscious language acquisition and a kind of study activities. Harmer. The inquired system is according to krashen, A product of a subconscious process very similar to the process children under goes when they acquire their first language The learned system, on the contrary, is defined by krashen as a product of formal instruction, comprising a conscious process with results in conscious knowledge about the language. In other words learning is less important than acquisition with the method of describing pictures being applied, students are able to learn the infinitives of all the eighty or ninety most commonly used irregular verbs on cards, which they are encourage to employ when describing routines or making bubble diagrams. In this way, the students are able to get familiar with a substantial number of verbs in an easy, natural manner. Other problem when teaching irregular verbs is that having instilled the infinitive forms of the most commonly used irregular verbs into the students, teacher are sometimes confronted with another problem. They have to decide whether to involve past participles and teach all three forms at once, or to postpone teaching of the past participles until the present perfecto tense is being done. 2.1.6 Categorization of irregular verbs. The students are expected to memorize all three forms of the following eighty- six irregular verbs. Be, beat, begin, break, bring, build, burn, buy, catch, choose, come, cost, cut, deal, do, draw, drink, drive, eat, fall, feel, find, fly, forget, forgive, get, give, go, have, hear, hit, hold, hurt, keep, know, leave, lend, lie, lose, make, mean, pay, put, read, ride, ring, run, say, see, sell, send, sing, sleep, speak, spell, spend, stand, swim, teach, tell, think, throw, understand, wake, wear, win, wrote etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Irregular ones in that either the past inflection or the ed participle inflection, or both of these, are irregular. The irregular verbs either do not have the regular -ed inflection According to a comprehensive grammar of the English language irregular verbs differ from else. Irregular verbs typically, but not invariably, have variation in their base vowel; irregular verbs have a varying number of distinct formsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The base form past and the ed participle. These are traditionally known as the principal parts of the verb- most irregular verbs have, like regular ones, only one common form for the past. The 250 or so irregular verbs can be, classified on the basis of criteria derived from similarities and differences. In other to make the irregular verbs easier to memorize, the students Endeavour to discover as many similarities and differences as possible. There is a method that consists in students creating positive negative questions triplets of sentences. This method is called reversing the students choose a card with the infinitive are asked to provide a triplet in the past simple tens. For example: see I saw Jane yesterday but I didnt see Bob Did you see Antonio? This method of reversing is possible to extend and apply later on when dealing with the present perfect tense. Not only do the students practice recalling the past form and past participle of the particular verb, they also learn to recognize the difference between the past simple tense and the present perfect one in terms of usage. Come: Pedro came to our house last Saturday but Jessica didnt come. Did Robert come? Pedro has come but Jessica hasnt come yet. Has Robert come? When learning irregular verbs other strategy very effective for learning them is creating story, employing the cards with the past forms of the irregular verbs on them. At the beginning, the students are preferably supposed to use verbs within a group or subgroup, in order to fix the patterns in their minds. Gradually, however, they are encouraged to introduce verbs from the other groups or subgroups. 2.1.7 Database Making and strategies to teach irregular verbs In order to conclude the process of intensive irregular verbs learning, the students are asked to create a database of the cards witch they made and used during the process itself. Such a card index is to be at the students disposal ever after while revising or when they are confronted with a new tense or grammar. There lots of useful programs teachers could use as a support for teaching irregular verbs. These programs focus on high frequency irregular verbs and train them in their base, present. Present progressive, past, and past perfect forms, some of the resource that these programs use are: Flash, multiple choice with sentences not read, spelling activity. In all activities, there are teacher choices to set interface, level of difficulty, speech and /or text options, response time, and background reinforcement animation. Games (to memorize form), there are several games that can easily be adapted to practice past tense verbs. Bingo: Students are asked to make a 33 grid on a piece of paper, look at their list of irregular verbs and to complete their grid with infinitive verbs. When they have finished, start reading student hears the past form of a verb they have on their grid, they cross it out. The first to cross out all the verbs on the grid calls Bingo and wins. Follow this up by asking students to work in pairs and to prepare a story using the verbs on their grid, in the past tense. Tennis or volleyball, this activity involves students calling out verbs to each other, as if they were passing a ball over and invisible net. Ex. Student I. Says the infinitive of the verb (Run) Student 2. Says the past form. (Ran) Student 3. Says the past participle (Run) If a student gets a word wrong (or pauses for more than 10 seconds), they lose. Students can do this in pairs, although with smaller classes you may set up two facing chairs in front of the class and have students come up and play each other in front of the others. The students who win stays (as the reigning champion) and another student come up to challenge. Permanism (or Memory), prepare a set of cars with the infinitive on them (set A), and a set of cards with the past tense on them (Set B). Put both sets face down on a table. Invite a student to pick up two cards. He / She must read the verbs aloud on the cards and decide if they match. If they match, he/she keeps them- If they dont match him /she shows them to the others and puts them back down. Another student comes up and tries to get a matching, pair in the same way. It could be done with large or small classes. With a large class put the students into groups of four and ask each group to prepare their own cards. Working with pronunciations: give students a list of irregular past tense verbs and ask them to group them according to the main vowel sound in each. If this seems too hard, you could give them verbs and find others that sound the same. For example, find the matching pairs of verbs in this list: wrote could taught read eat drank gave had waked went took bought. You could group the irregular verbs according to similar sounds and put them and a poster on the wall. Meaningful practice, Listen and recap: In this activity you give the students a list of irregular verbs in the students a list of irregular verbs in their infinitive form (on a worksheet, or written on the board). You then tell a personal story, incorporating the past tense of the verbs. Its best to prepared this ahead of time, bearing in mind what your students understands. As the students listen, they must number the verbs they hear in order. When you finish, tell the students to compare their order in pairs. They should then write the past form of all the verbs they heard. Check the answers with the whole class. Then ask the students to try and are tell the story together using the past tense verbs as cues. Finally ask students to tell a similar story based on their own experience. Monday morning conversation, one way of getting a lot of past simple verbs out of the students is to simply start an informal chat with them at the beginning of the class, The simple what did you do last weekend? On Monday morning should throw up some past simple verbs. You can also go around ask the students some questions and allow them to answer. Teaching English irregular verbs is indeed challenging. However the goal of grammar instruction is to enable students to carry out their communication purposes irregular verbs are verbs themselves. The fourth grade is when those verbs start getting hammered into kids brains so that they might not mess them up quite so much when they re older. Irregular verbs are verbs that dont follow normal conjugation rules as thy traverse temporal space. They are the source of a great deal of frustration if you let them, unfortunately the only way to learn irregular verbs is to memorize their freaky conjugation as you encounter them. The irregular verbs might be the hardest part of fourth grade grammar. Chapter III Presentation and Analysis of the datas of the investigation In this chapter are presented the results of the investigation carried out in the Educative Center Higà ¼errito basic School. The results of the interview to the principal of the School and the surveys applied to teachers and students of this Educative Center. 3.1. Interview Applied to the Principal of the Educative Center Higà ¼erito basic School. In this section are analyzed the answers obtained from the interview to the director of the school. The principal of Higà ¼erito basic School was asked if she supervises the English teachers while they are on duty and her answer was affirmative, but she specified, that is the teacher in charge of the grade who teaches English because they dont have a teacher for the area so far. She was also questioned if she has received any kind of complaints from the students for the lustration they receive, and she answer,54 not yet she was asked if the school trains the teachers in order to have better results during and after the process of teaching and learning She replied, no. She was also questioned about the resources that the teachers of English need as a complement to their teaching process and she said that is a teacher ´s responsibility because public Schools do not provide these resources, when she was asked how she evaluates the English teachers ´ work, her reply was, that she evaluates it very good, because they are not English teachers actually, and believe it or no t they have been teaching well taking in to considerations the limitations. Here ´s the key of the problems, as this Educative Center is Subsidized by the State and the fact that there arent languages teachers: The teachers in charge of the grade are obliged to mange to teach. In the project of center the principal States as an advantage the preparation of the teachers who work for this school but they dont have qualified English teachers, and this is a serious problem because either the teachers or the students might feel frustrated, the teachers feeling unable to do their job and the students getting drowned in their attempt for learning the language. 3.2 Survey elaborated for the English teachers of Higà ¼erito basic School. In this section are analyzed the answers obtained from the survey applied to teachers of English of Higà ¼erito basic School. I. Years of experience of Higà ¼erito basic school English teachers. Category Frequency % 1-5 3 60 5-10 2 40 10-15 0 0 Total 5 100 In this square it could be observed that 3 teachers have from 1-5 years of experience teaching and 2 teachers have from 5- 10 years of experience. These years of experience are a good indicator to guarantee the quality of teaching of the Educative Center Higà ¼erito. 2. Techniques used by teachers of the Educative Center Higà ¼erito to teach irregular verbs. Category Frequency % Participation in class Oral Practice 1 20 Home works Written Exams 4 80 All the previous Alternatives None of the Alternatives Total 5 100 According to what it seen in this chart, 20. % of the English teachers use as a teaching technique, the oral practice and 80 % use written ex

Analyzing Racism: Parrillos Concept

Analyzing Racism: Parrillos Concept Racism is the belief that a certain race is superior otherwise inferior to another, and that an individuals social and moral feature are programmed by his inborn biological uniqueness. Racial separatism is the idea that diverse races should stay segregated as well as apart from each another. Racism might be defined as the hate of one individual by another because of skin shade, language, traditions, place of birth otherwise any reason that supposedly reveal the basic personality of that person. A current news story wherein racism plays a part is the story of a teenage schoolgirl who was detained by police for racism subsequent to refusing to sit with a collection of Asian students for the reason that a number of of them did not talk English. Codie Stotts relatives claim she was enforced to expend three-and-a-half hours in a law enforcement cell after she was reported by her educators. The 14-year-old who was free without charge supposed it had been an easy matter of commonsensical and blamed the school as well as police of an exaggerated reaction. The event happened in the similar local education power where a ten-year-old schoolboy was prosecuted prior this year for referring to schoolfriend racist names in the playing field, a progress branded by a adjudicator as political rightness gone crazy. Codie was in attendance in a GCSE science class in Harrop Fold High School within Worsley, Greater Manchester; at what time the incident occurred. The youngster was not in the school the day before owing to a hospital scheduled time and had not been present at the start of a project, so the educator allocated her a cluster to sit with. Codie said the teacher asked her to sit with five Asian pupils and only one can speak English, consequently she had to let know that solitary what to carry out so she could give details in their language. A grievance was made to a law enforcement officer based permanent at the school, plus more than a week after the event on September 26 she was referred to Swinton law enforcement station furthermore placed under arrest. Miss Stott is alienated from Codie as well as her 18-year-old brother. Ashleys father stays with her spouse Keith Seanor, a 36-year-old wire layer, in Walkden. Educate insiders recognize that no less than three of the students Codie declined to sit with had lately arrived in this state and spoke modest English. Nevertheless they say her remarks after that raised more concerns, for instance allegedly referring to fellow students as blacks something she disagreed yesterday. The school is at the present investigating precisely what happened previous to deciding what act if any to take in opposition to Codie. Causes of Prejudice by Vincent N. Parrillo examine the psychological sources of prejudice in addition to the sociological sources of prejudice. Parrillo talked about the sociologist Talcott Parsons who recommended that both the family plus the occupational arrangement may create anxieties and insecurities that make frustration. According to this situation family structure somehow contributed to Codies racism as her biological family was separated (Parrillo 9).The family as well as occupational structures might be a basis to an individual to redirect whatsoever fury they have towards others. Sociological theories intended for the causes of unfairness in the selection are grouped as socialization, economic competition, plus social norms. Parrillo utter that in the socialization procedure, people study the â€Å"values, approach, beliefs, in addition to perceptions of their traditions or subculture. Kids, being with no trouble swayed since theyre taught to abide by their parents, frequ ently take on the beliefs plus ideas of their parents devoid of inquiring concerning these principles. The attitude of a childs parents as well becomes the childs beliefs. In Codies situation she was influenced by her parents belief that is why she refused to be grouped with the Asian students. A lot of viewpoints that populace discover from their parents as well as from others in society might be stereotypes. On the other hand, many citizens dont recognize this, as people are so familiar to hearing these typecast (Parrillo 55). Economic competition: This viewpoint is based on the faith that when people sense as though their safety is being threatened, populace are more aggressive as well as unfriendly. Just like the school girl she felt that she would not be secure that is why she refused to comply wither teacher. Parrillo states that when there is a turn down in job availability, unenthusiastic stereotyping, chauvinism, and discrimination raise. Parrillo says that Donald Young identified out that, all through U.S. history, in times of lofty unemployment, as well as thus powerful job competition In his paper, â€Å"Causes of Prejudice,† Vincent N. Parrillo note down that psychological as well as sociological factors endorse prejudiced attitudes plus behaviors. Parrillo divide psychological factors to frustration, self-justification, and personality; and the Sociological factors to socialization, economic competition, and social norms (Parrillo). Social Norms: According to Parrillo, social norms generate the usually shared rules stating what is as well as is not proper behavior. In Codies situation social norm misguided her to improper behavior, which was discriminating the Asian students. A straight relationship is there between the stage of conventionality to societys norms as well as the amount of the prejudice (Parrillo 559). A number of philosophers disagree that we are not so a huge deal rational beings as we are rationalizing creatures. We need encouragement that the things we do as well as the lives we live are good, that high-quality reasons for our actions live. If we might persuade ourselves that an additional group is inferior, morally wrong, or dangerous, we might feel justified in discriminating next to its members, enchaining them, otherwise even killing them (Parrillo 507). That is exactly what Codies parents and teachers ought to have done in order to solve this racism case. Parrillo demonstrates to us that self justification is one thing everyone is good at in addition to when one is able to justify their measures they can become very unsafe. Works Cited Ellsworth et al. The American journal of sociology. University of Chicago Press, 1980. Ernest, Cashmore, and James, Jennings, Racism: essential readings. SAGE, 2001 Joe R. Feagin, Racist America: roots, current realities, and future reparations. Routledge, 2000 Teun Adrianus van Dijk, Racism and the press. Taylor Francis, 1991. Ukrainian Congress Committee of America. The Ukrainian quarterly.Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1983.